Vitamin D Level Between Calcium-Phosphorus Homeostasis and Immune System: New Perspective in Osteoporosis.
Calcium-phosphorus homeostasis
Immune system
Osteoporosis
Polymorphisms
Vitamin D
Journal
Current osteoporosis reports
ISSN: 1544-2241
Titre abrégé: Curr Osteoporos Rep
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101176492
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2024
Dec 2024
Historique:
pubmed:
14
10
2016
medline:
14
10
2016
entrez:
14
10
2016
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Vitamin D is a key molecule in calcium and phosphate homeostasis; however, increasing evidence has recently shown that it also plays a crucial role in the immune system, both innate and adaptive. A deregulation of vitamin D levels, due also to mutations and polymorphisms in the genes of the vitamin D pathway, determines severe alterations in the homeostasis of the organism, resulting in a higher risk of onset of some diseases, including osteoporosis. This review gives an overview of the influence of vitamin D levels on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, between bone homeostasis and immune system.
Identifiants
pubmed: 27734322
doi: 10.1007/s11914-016-0331-2
pii: 10.1007/s11914-016-0331-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
599-610Informations de copyright
© 2016. Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Références
Bonjour P, Clark P, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, De Laet C, Delmas P, et al. WHO scientific group on the assessment of osteoporosis at primary health care level. Summary meeting report. 2004. Brussels, Belgium, 5–7 May 2004.
Van den Bergh JP, van Geel TA, Geusens PP. Osteoporosis, frailty and fracture: implications for case finding and therapy. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8:163–72.
pubmed: 22249162
doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.217
Fini M, Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Torricelli P, Nicolini A, Benedicenti S, et al. Role of obesity, alcohol and smoking on bone health. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012;4:2686–706.
Engelke K, Gluer CC. Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry. I. Errors and diagnosis. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:1283–92.
pubmed: 16821003
doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-0039-0
Gluer CC, Lu Y, Engelke K. Quality and performance measures in bone densitometry. II. Fracture risk. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:1449–58.
pubmed: 16821004
doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-0038-1
Blake GM, Fogelman I. Role of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. J Clin Densitom. 2007;10:102–10.
pubmed: 17289532
doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2006.11.001
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:23–57.
pubmed: 23079689
doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y
Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, et al. National osteoporosis foundation. Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25:2359–81.
pubmed: 25182228
pmcid: 4176573
doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2
Lentle B, Cheung AM, Hanley DA, Leslie WD, Lyons D, Papaioannou A, et al. Scientific Advisory Council of Osteoporosis Canada. Osteoporosis Canada 2010 guidelines for the assessment of fracture risk. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2011;62:243–50.
pubmed: 21852066
pmcid: 5101067
doi: 10.1016/j.carj.2011.05.001
Lau EMC, Sambrook P, Seeman E, Leong KH, Leung PC, Delmas P. Guidelines for diagnosing, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Asia. APLAR J Rheumatol. 2006;9:24–36.
doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2006.00161.x
Al-Saleh Y, Sulimani R, Sabico S, Raef H, Fouda M, Alshahrani F, et al. Guidelines for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: recommendations from the Saudi Osteoporosis Society. Ann Saudi Med. 2015;35:1–12.
pubmed: 26142931
pmcid: 6152549
doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2015.1
Maalouf G, Gannagé-Yared MH, Ezzedine J, Larijani B, Badawi S, Rached A, et al. Middle East and North Africa consensus on osteoporosis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2007;7:131–43.
pubmed: 17627082
Pecina JL, Romanovsky L, Merry SP, Kennel KA, Thacher TD. Comparison of clinical risk tools for predicting osteoporosis in women ages 50–64. J Am Board Fam Med. 2016;29:233–9.
pubmed: 26957380
doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.02.150237
Delmas PD, Eastell R, Garnero P, Seibel MJ, Stepan J. The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11:S2–S17.
pubmed: 11193237
doi: 10.1007/s001980070002
Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Garnero P, Delmas PD, Kanis JA. Biochemical indices of bone turnover and the assessment of fracture probability. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13:523–6.
pubmed: 12111011
doi: 10.1007/s001980200068
Adami S, Bertoldo F, Brandi ML, Cepollaro C, Filipponi P, Fiore E, et al. Società Italiana dell’Osteoporosi, del Metabolismo Minerale e delle Malattie dello Scheletro. Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Reumatismo. 2009;61:260–84.
pubmed: 20143003
Nordin BE, Morris HA. Osteoporosis and vitamin D. J Cell Biochem. 1992;49:19–25.
pubmed: 1644849
doi: 10.1002/jcb.240490105
Richy F, Schacht E, Bruyere O, Ethgen O, Gourlay M, Reginster JY. Vitamin D analogs versus native vitamin D in preventing bone loss and osteoporosis-related fractures: a comparative meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2005;76:176–86.
pubmed: 15692726
doi: 10.1007/s00223-004-0005-4
Ström O, Borgstrom F, Kanis JA, Compston JE, Cooper C, McCloskey E, et al. Osteoporosis: burden, health care provision and opportunities in the EU. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos. 2011;6:59–155. doi: 10.1007/s11657-011-0060-1 .
doi: 10.1007/s11657-011-0060-1
pubmed: 22886101
Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Lappe JM, LeBoff MS, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27:367–76.
pubmed: 26510847
doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3386-5
Brannon PM, Yetley EA, Bailey RL, Picciano MF. Vitamin D and health in the 21st century: an update. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:483S–90S.
pubmed: 18689388
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.483S
Wöbke TK, Sorg BL, Steinhilber D. Vitamin D in inflammatory diseases. Front Physiol. 2014;5:244.
pubmed: 25071589
pmcid: 4078458
Lagishetty V, Liu NQ, Hewison M. Vitamin D metabolism and innate immunity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;347:97–105.
pubmed: 21664425
pmcid: 3200473
doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.015
Mathieu C, Badenhoop K. Vitamin D and type 1 diabetes mellitus: state of the art. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005;16:261–6.
pubmed: 15996876
doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2005.06.004
Styrkarsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Gretarsdottir S, Gudbjartsson DF, Walters GB, Ingvarsson T, et al. Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2355–65.
pubmed: 18445777
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0801197
Holick MF, MacLaughlin JA, Clark MB, Holick SA, Potts JT. Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science. 1980;210:203–5.
pubmed: 6251551
doi: 10.1126/science.6251551
Mac Laughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF. Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin. Science. 1982;216:1001–3.
pubmed: 6281884
doi: 10.1126/science.6281884
Lehmann B, Meurer M. Vitamin D metabolism. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23:2–12.
pubmed: 20136904
doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01286.x
Prosser DE, Jones G. Enzymes involved in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D. Trends Biochem Sci. 2004;29:664–73.
pubmed: 15544953
doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2004.10.005
Ohyama Y, Yamasaki T. Eight cytochrome P450S catalyze vitamin D metabolism. Front Biosci. 2005;10:608–19.
Jones G. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:582S–6S.
pubmed: 18689406
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.582S
Holick MF. Vitamin D, deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–81.
pubmed: 17634462
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra070553
Heaney RP. Assessing vitamin D status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14:440–4.
pubmed: 21832900
doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328348ed85
Martin A, David V, Quarles LD. Regulation and function of the fgf23/klotho endocrine pathways. Physiol Rev. 2012;92:131–55.
pubmed: 22298654
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2011
Henry HL. The 25(OH)D3/1α,25(OH)2D3-24R-hydroxylase: a catabolic or biosynthetic enzyme? Steroids. 2001;66:391–8.
pubmed: 11179748
doi: 10.1016/S0039-128X(00)00158-6
Henry HL. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;25:531–41.
pubmed: 21872796
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.05.003
Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:1717S–20S.
pubmed: 15585793
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1717S
Chen J, Lobachev KS, Grindel BJ, Farach-Carson MC, Hyzy SL, El-Baradie KB, et al. Chaperone properties of pdia3 participate in rapid membrane actions of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Mol Endocrinol. 2013;27:1065–77.
pubmed: 23660595
pmcid: 5415245
doi: 10.1210/me.2012-1277
Holick MF, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF, Gray RW, Boyle IT, Suda T. Isolation and identification of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, a metabolite of vitamin D made in the kidney. Biochemistry. 1972;11:4251–5.
pubmed: 4342902
doi: 10.1021/bi00773a009
Kumar R, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. Rat intestinal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3- and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase. J Biol Chem. 1978;253:3804–9.
pubmed: 649607
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34760-9
Halloran BP, Castro ME. Vitamin D kinetics in vivo: effect of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D administration. Am J Physiol. 1989;256:E686–91.
pubmed: 2785765
Clements MR, Davies M, Hayes ME, Hickey CD, Lumb GA, Mawer EB, et al. The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the mechanism of acquired vitamin D deficiency. Clin Endocrinol. 1992;37:17–27.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02278.x
Akeno N, Saikatsu S, Kimura S, Horiuchi N. Induction of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase messenger RNA and activity by 22-oxacalcitriol in mouse kidney and duodenum. Possible role in decrease of plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994;48:2081–90.
pubmed: 7802698
doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90508-8
Demay MB, Gerardi JM, DeLuca HF, Kronenberg HM. DNA sequences in the rat osteocalcin gene that bind the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and confer responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:369–73.
pubmed: 2153298
pmcid: 53265
doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.1.369
Holick MF. Vitamin D, status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19:73–8.
pubmed: 18329892
doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.12.001
Zierold C, Darwish HM, DeLuca HF. Identification of a vitamin D-response element in the rat calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) 24-hydroxylase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:900–2.
pubmed: 8302863
pmcid: 521420
doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.900
Zierold C, Darwish HM, DeLuca HF. Two vitamin D response elements function in the rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase promoter. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:1675–8.
pubmed: 7829502
doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.4.1675
Darwish HM, DeLuca HF. Recent advances in the molecular biology of vitamin D action. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1996;53:321–44.
pubmed: 8650307
doi: 10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60149-X
Ozono K, Liao J, Kerner SA, Scott RA, Pike JW. The vitamin D-responsive element in the human osteocalcin gene. Association with a nuclear proto-oncogene enhancer. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:21881–8.
pubmed: 2174889
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)45821-8
Nishikawa J, Matsumoto M, Sakoda K, Kitaura M, Imagawa M, Nishihara T. Vitamin D receptor zinc finger region binds to a direct repeat as a dimer and discriminates the spacing number between each half-site. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:19739–43.
pubmed: 8396146
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36576-7
Kim MS, Fujiki R, Kitagawa H, Kato S. 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced DNA methylation suppresses the human CYP27B1 gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007;265–266:168–73.
pubmed: 17250953
doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.014
Kim MS, Fujiki R, Murayama A, Kitagawa H, Yamaoka K, Yamamoto Y, et al. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced transrepression by vitamin D receptor through E-box-type elements in the human parathyroid hormone gene promoter. Mol Endocrinol. 2007;21:334–42.
pubmed: 17095575
doi: 10.1210/me.2006-0231
Kitazawa S, Kajimoto K, Kondo T, Kitazawa R. Vitamin D3 supports osteoclastogenesis via functional vitamin D response element of human RANKL gene promoter. J Cell Biochem. 2003;89:771–7.
pubmed: 12858342
doi: 10.1002/jcb.10567
Jones G, DeLuca HF. HPLC of vitamin D and its metabolites. In: Makin HLJ, Newton R, editors. High performance liquid chromatography and its application to endocrinology, Monographs on endocrinology, vol. 30. Berlin: Springer; 1988. p. 95–139.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-83467-7_4
Brown EM, Pollak M, Hebert SC. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor: its role in health and disease. Annu Rev Med. 1998;49:15–29.
pubmed: 9509247
doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.15
Jones G, Strugnell S, De Luca HF. Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiol Rev. 1998;78:1193–231.
pubmed: 9790574
doi: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1193
Suda T, Takahashi N, Abe E. Role of vitamin D in bone resorption. J Cell Biochem. 1992;49:53–8.
pubmed: 1644855
doi: 10.1002/jcb.240490110
Suda T, Ueno K, Fujii K, Shinki T. Vitamin D and bone. J Cell Biochem. 2003;88:2259–66.
doi: 10.1002/jcb.10331
Redmond J, Jarjou LM, Zhou B, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Ethnic differences in calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism. Proc Nutr Soc. 2014;73:340–51.
pubmed: 24621477
pmcid: 3981475
doi: 10.1017/S0029665114000068
Kinyamu HK, Gallagher JC, Prahl JM, DeLuca HF, Petranick KM, Lanspa SJ. Association between intestinal vitamin D receptor, calcium absorption, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in normal young and elderly women. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:922–8.
pubmed: 9169351
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.6.922
Levine BS, Singer FR, Bryce GF, Mallon JP, Miller ON, Coburn JW. Pharmacokinetics and biologic effects of calcitriol in normal humans. J Lab Clin Med. 1985;105:239–46.
pubmed: 3838330
Aranow C. Vitamin D, and the immune system. J Investig Med. 2011;59:881–6.
pubmed: 21527855
pmcid: 3166406
doi: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
Prietl B, Treiber G, Pieber TR, Amrein K. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients. 2013;5:2502–21.
pubmed: 23857223
pmcid: 3738984
doi: 10.3390/nu5072502
Loi F, Córdova LA, Pajarinen J, Lin TH, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Inflammation, fracture and bone repair. Bone. 2016;86:119–30.
pubmed: 26946132
pmcid: 4833637
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.02.020
Rigby WF, Waugh MG. Decreased accessory cell function and costimulatory activity by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated monocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:110–9.
pubmed: 1370618
doi: 10.1002/art.1780350117
Adorini L, Penna G, Giarratana N, Uskokovic M. Tolerogenic dendritic cells induced by vitamin D receptor ligands enhance regulatory T cells inhibiting allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. J Cell Biochem. 2003;88:227–33.
pubmed: 12520519
doi: 10.1002/jcb.10340
Steinman RM, Banchereau J. Taking dendritic cells into medicine. Nature. 2007;449:419–26.
pubmed: 17898760
doi: 10.1038/nature06175
Lemire JM, Adams JS, Sakai R, Jordan SC. 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses proliferation and immunoglobulin production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:657–61.
pubmed: 6611355
pmcid: 370520
doi: 10.1172/JCI111465
Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, Lipsky PE. Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J Immunol. 2007;179:1634–47.
pubmed: 17641030
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1634
Lemire JMM, Archer DC, Beck L, Spiegelberg HL. Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions. J Nutr. 1995;125:1704S–8S.
pubmed: 7782931
Giulietti A, Gysemans C, Stoffels K, van Etten E, Decallonne B, Overbergh L, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in early life accelerates type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Diabetologia. 2004;47:451–62.
pubmed: 14758446
doi: 10.1007/s00125-004-1329-3
Cantorna MT. Mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D on the immune system. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;69:286–9.
doi: 10.1017/S0029665110001722
Baeke F, Korf H, Overbergh L, Verstuyf A, Thorrez L, van Lommel L, et al. The vitamin D analog, TX527, promotes a human CD4+ CD25high CD127low regulatory T cell profile and induces a migratory signature specific for homing to sites of inflammation. J Immunol. 2011;186:132–42.
pubmed: 21131424
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000695
Palmer MT, Lee YK, Maynard CL, Oliver JR, Bikle DD, Jetten AM, et al. Lineage-specific effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the development of effector CD4 T cells. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:997–1004.
pubmed: 21047796
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.163790
Van Belle TL, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D in autoimmune, infectious and allergic diseases: a vital player? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;25:617–32.
pubmed: 21872803
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.04.009
Talaat RM, Mohamed SF, Bassyouni IH, Raouf AA. Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokine imbalance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: correlation with disease activity. Cytokine. 2015;72:146–53.
pubmed: 25647269
doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.027
Jeffery LE, Burke F, Mura M, Zheng Y, Qureshi OS, Hewison M, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3. J Immunol. 2009;183:5458–67.
pubmed: 19843932
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803217
Joshi S, Pantalena L, Liu XK, Sarah L, Liu H, Rohowsky-kochan C, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates Th17 autoimmunity via transcriptional modulation of interleukin-17A. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31:3653–69.
pubmed: 21746882
pmcid: 3165548
doi: 10.1128/MCB.05020-11
Penna G, Amuchastegui S, Cossetti C, Aquilano F, Mariani R, Sanvito F, et al. Diabetic mice by the vitamin D receptor agonist elocalcitol. J Immunol. 2006;177:8504–11.
pubmed: 17142748
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8504
Penna G, Amuchastegui S, Giarratana N, Daniel KC, Vulcano M, Sozzani S, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 selectively modulates tolerogenic properties in myeloid but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2007;178:145–53.
pubmed: 17182549
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.145
Mora JR, Iwata M, von Andrian UH. Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:685–98.
pubmed: 19172691
pmcid: 2906676
doi: 10.1038/nri2378
Baeke F, Takiishi T, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010;10:482–96.
pubmed: 20427238
doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001
Ferreira GB, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Waer M, Overbergh L, Gysemans C, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 alters murine dendritic cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011;27:933–41.
pubmed: 22069288
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.1275
Müller K, Diamant M, Bendtzen K. Inhibition of production and function of interleukin-6 by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Immunol Lett. 1991;28:115–20.
pubmed: 1885209
doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(91)90108-M
Matheu V, Back O, Mondoc E, Issazadeh-Navikas S. Dual effects of vitamin D-induced alteration of TH1/TH2 cytokine expression: enhancing IgE production and decreasing airway eosinophilia in murine allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112:585–92.
pubmed: 13679819
doi: 10.1016/S0091-6749(03)01855-4
Rudensky AY. Regulatory T, cells and foxP3. Immunol Rev. 2011;241:260–8.
pubmed: 21488902
pmcid: 3077798
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01018.x
Wang T, Nestel FP, Bourdeau V, Nagai Y, Wang Q, Liao J, et al. Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol. 2004;173:2909–12.
pubmed: 15322146
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909
Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J. 2005;19:1067–77.
pubmed: 15985530
doi: 10.1096/fj.04-3284com
White JH. Vitamin D, metabolism and signaling in the immune system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012;13:21–9.
pubmed: 21845364
doi: 10.1007/s11154-011-9195-z
Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science. 2006;311:1770–3.
pubmed: 16497887
doi: 10.1126/science.1123933
Edfeldt K, Liu PT, Chun R, Fabri M, Schenk M, Wheelwright M, et al. T-cell cytokines differentially control human monocyte antimicrobial responses by regulating vitamin D metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:22593–8.
pubmed: 21149724
pmcid: 3012480
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011624108
Boyce BF, Xiu Y, Li J, Xing L, Yao Z. NF-kB-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30:35–44.
doi: 10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.35
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med. 2004;116:634–9.
pubmed: 15093761
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.029
Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:713–6.
pubmed: 15776217
doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7
Stone K, Bauer DC, Black DM, Sklarin P, Ensrud KE, Cummings SR. Hormonal predictors of bone loss in elderly women: a prospective study. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13:1167–74.
pubmed: 9661081
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.7.1167
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1174–80.
pubmed: 18541825
pmcid: 3719391
doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.11.1174
Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1629–37.
pubmed: 18695076
pmcid: 2677029
doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.15.1629
Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1340–9.
pubmed: 18574092
doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.12.1340
Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008;117:503–11.
pubmed: 18180395
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127
Looker AC, Mussolino ME. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hip fracture risk in older US white adults. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;23:143–50.
pubmed: 17907920
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.071003
De Boer IH, Kestenbaum B, Shoben AB, Michos ED, Sarnak MJ, Siscovick DS. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely associate with risk for developing coronary artery calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1805–12.
pubmed: 19443637
pmcid: 2723983
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008111157
Cauley JA, Lacroix AZ, Wu L, Horwitz M, Danielson ME, Bauer DC, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and risk for hip fractures. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:242–50.
pubmed: 18711154
pmcid: 2743412
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00005
Rosen CJ. Clinical practice: vitamin D insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:248–54.
pubmed: 21247315
doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1009570
De Boer IH, Levin GP, Robinson-Cohen C, Biggs ML, Hoofnagle AN, Siscovick DS, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risk for major clinical disease events in a community based population of older adults: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:627–34.
pubmed: 22547472
pmcid: 3632351
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-9-201205010-00004
Buehring B, Viswanathan R, Binkley N, Busse W. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update on effects and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132:1019–30.
pubmed: 24176682
doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.040
Adachi JD, Olszynski WP, Hanley DA, Hodsman AB, Kendler DL, Siminoski KG, et al. Management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2000;29:228–51.
pubmed: 10707991
doi: 10.1016/S0049-0172(00)80011-6
Arnson Y, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1137–42.
pubmed: 17557889
pmcid: 1955167
doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.069831
Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11:98–107.
pubmed: 21233852
doi: 10.1038/nri2925
Cade C, Norman AW. Vitamin D3 improves impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the vitamin D-deficient rat in vivo. Endocrinology. 1986;119:84–90.
pubmed: 3013599
doi: 10.1210/endo-119-1-84
Norman AW, Frankel JB, Heldt AM, Grodsky GM. Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin. Science. 1980;209:823–5.
pubmed: 6250216
doi: 10.1126/science.6250216
Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:820–5.
pubmed: 15113720
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.820
Schwartz AV. Diabetes mellitus: does it affect bone? Calcif Tissue Int. 2003;73:515–9.
pubmed: 14517715
doi: 10.1007/s00223-003-0023-7
Lecka-Czernik B. Bone loss in diabetes: use of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones and secondary osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2010;8:178–84.
pubmed: 20809203
pmcid: 2947013
doi: 10.1007/s11914-010-0027-y
García-Hernández A, Arzate H, Gil-Chavarría I, Rojo R, Moreno-Fierros L. High glucose concentrations alter the biomineralization process in human osteoblastic cells. Bone. 2012;50:276–88.
pubmed: 22086137
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.032
Al-Shoumer KA, Al-Essa TM. Is there a relationship between vitamin D with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus? World J Diabetes. 2015;6:1057–64.
pubmed: 26240702
pmcid: 4515445
doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i8.1057
Flores M. A role of vitamin D in low-intensity chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Nutr Res Rev. 2005;18:175–82.
pubmed: 19079903
doi: 10.1079/NRR2005104
de Courten B, Mousa A, Naderpoor N, Teede H, de Courten MP, Scragg R. Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in overweight adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:335.
pubmed: 26246241
pmcid: 4527336
doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0851-6
Sarkar M, Bhardwaj R, Madabhavi I, Khatana J. Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2015;9:5–21.
pubmed: 25788838
pmcid: 4358421
doi: 10.4137/CCRPM.S22803
Black PN, Scragg R. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulmonary function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chest. 2005;128:3792–8.
pubmed: 16354847
doi: 10.1378/chest.128.6.3792
Heulens N, Korf H, Janssens W. Innate immune modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: moving closer toward vitamin D therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;353:360–8.
pubmed: 25755208
doi: 10.1124/jpet.115.223032
Romme EA, Rutten EP, Smeenk FW, Spruit MA, Menheere PP, Wouters EF. Vitamin D status is associated with bone mineral density and functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med. 2013;45:91–6.
pubmed: 22462562
doi: 10.3109/07853890.2012.671536
Heidari B, Javadian Y, Monadi M, Dankob Y, Firouzjahi A. Vitamin D status and distribution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus healthy controls. Caspian J Intern Med. 2015;6:93–7.
pubmed: 26221507
pmcid: 4478458
Sutherland ER, Goleva E, Jackson LP, Stevens AD, Leung DY. Vitamin D levels, lung function and steroid response in adult asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:699–704.
pubmed: 20075384
pmcid: 2868500
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200911-1710OC
Yin K, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2014;7:69–87.
pubmed: 24971027
pmcid: 4070857
Hong Q, Xu J, Xu S, Lian L, Zhang M, Ding C. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and disease activity, inflammatory cytokines and bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:1994–2001.
pubmed: 24907153
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu173
Hoes JN, Bultink IE, Lems WF. Management of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16:559–71.
pubmed: 25626121
doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.997709
Varenna M, Manara M, Cantatore FP, Del Puente A, Di Munno O, Malavolta N, et al. Determinants and effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30:714–9.
pubmed: 22766134
Magrey M, Khan MA. Osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010;12:332–6.
pubmed: 20680529
doi: 10.1007/s11926-010-0122-1
Cai G, Wang L, Fan D, Xin L, Liu L, Hu Y, et al. Vitamin D in ankylosing spondylitis: review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;438:316–22.
pubmed: 25199851
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.040
Horowitz MC, Bothwell AL, Hesslein DG, Pflugh DL, Schatz DG. B cells and osteoblast and osteoclast development. Immunol Rev. 2005;208:141–53.
pubmed: 16313346
doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00328.x
Tamura T, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Miyaura C, Tanaka S, Yamada Y, et al. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor triggers osteoclast formation by interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:11924–8.
pubmed: 8265649
pmcid: 48097
doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11924
Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-6, stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone. 1999;25:255–9.
pubmed: 10495128
doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00162-3
Zaiss MM, Axmann R, Zwerina J, Polzer K, Gückel E, Skapenko A, et al. Treg cells suppress osteoclast formation: a new link between the immune system and bone. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:4104–12.
pubmed: 18050211
doi: 10.1002/art.23138
Ma L, Makino Y, Yamaza H, Akiyama K, Hoshino Y, Song G, et al. Cryopreserved dental pulp tissues of exfoliated deciduous teeth is a feasible stem cell resource for regenerative medicine. PLoS One. 2012;7:e51777.
pubmed: 23251621
pmcid: 3522596
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051777
Tyagi AM, Mansoori MN, Srivastava K, Khan MP, Kureel J, Dixit M, et al. Enhanced immunoprotective effects by anti-IL-17 antibody translates to improved skeletal parameters under estrogen deficiency compared with anti-RANKL and anti-TNF-α antibodies. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29:1981–92.
pubmed: 24677326
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2228
Gonçalves-Zillo TO, Pugliese LS, Sales VM, Mori MA, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Longo-Maugéri IM, et al. Increased bone loss and amount of osteoclasts in kinin B1 receptor knockout mice. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:653–60.
pubmed: 23534940
doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12097
Yap KS, Morand EF. Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: continued evolution. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18:242–9.
pubmed: 25522756
doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12489
Sioka C, Kyritsis AP, Fotopoulos A. Multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, and vitamin D. J Neurol Sci. 2009;287:1–6.
pubmed: 19800081
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.09.012
Olsson A, Oturai DB, Sørensen PS, Oturai PS, Oturai AB. Short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment does not contribute to reduced bone mineral density in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015;21:1557–65.
pubmed: 25623251
doi: 10.1177/1352458514566417
Forrest KY, Stuhldreher WL. Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults. Nutr Res. 2011;31:48–54.
pubmed: 21310306
doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.001
Grethen E, McClintock R, Gupta CE, Jones R, Cacucci BM, Diaz D, et al. Vitamin D and hyperparathyroidism in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1320–6.
pubmed: 21325456
pmcid: 3203623
doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-2202
Vimaleswaran KS, Berry DJ, Lu C, Tikkanen E, Pilz S, Hiraki LT, et al. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med. 2013;19:951–60.
Song Q, Sergeev IN. Calcium and vitamin D in obesity. Nutr Res Rev. 2012;25:130–41.
pubmed: 22588363
doi: 10.1017/S0954422412000029
Marcotorchino J, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Karkeni E, Canault M, Amiot MJ, et al. Vitamin D protects against diet-induced obesity by enhancing fatty acid oxidation. J Nutr Biochem. 2014;25:1077–83.
pubmed: 25052163
doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.010
Fini M, Giavaresi G, Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, De Mattei M, et al. Harmful lifestyles on orthopedic implantation surgery: a descriptive review on alcohol and tobacco use. J Bone Miner Metab. 2011;29:633–44.
pubmed: 21898177
doi: 10.1007/s00774-011-0309-1
Zhao LJ, Jiang H, Papasian CJ, Maulik D, Drees B, Hamilton J, et al. Correlation of obesity and osteoporosis: effect of fat mass on the determination of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2008;1:17–29.
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070813
Cao JJ. Effects of obesity on bone metabolism. J Orthop Surg Res. 2011;6:30–6.
pubmed: 21676245
pmcid: 3141563
doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-6-30
Williams FM, Spector TD. Recent advances in the genetics of osteoporosis. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6:27–35.
Ji GR, Yao M, Sun CY, Li ZH, Han Z. BsmI, TaqI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and risk of fracture in Caucasians: a meta-analysis. Bone. 2010;47:681–6.
pubmed: 20601302
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.024
Deng H, Liu F, Pan Y, Jin X, Wang H, Cao J. BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, and FokI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and periodontitis: a meta-analysis of 15 studies including 1338 cases and 1302 controls. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:199–207.
pubmed: 21198767
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01685.x
Li Y, Xi B, Li K, Wang C. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density in Chinese women. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39:5709–17.
pubmed: 22193625
doi: 10.1007/s11033-011-1380-3
Marozik P, Mosse I, Alekna V, Rudenko E, Tamulaitienė M, Ramanau H, et al. Association between polymorphisms of VDR, COL1A1, and LCT genes and bone mineral density in Belarusian women with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2013;49:177–84.
pubmed: 23985982
Tarner IH, Erkal MZ, Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Hofbauer LC, Bergmann S, Goettsch C, et al. Osteometabolic and osteogenetic pattern of Turkish immigrants in Germany. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2012;120:517–23.
pubmed: 22956254
doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1321808
Kurt O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H, Uyar M, Isbir T, Seyhan MF, Can A. Evaluation of ERα and VDR gene polymorphisms in relation to bone mineral density in Turkish postmenopausal women. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39:6723–30.
pubmed: 22311020
doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-1496-0
Pouresmaeili F, Jamshidi J, Azargashb E, Samangouee S. Association between vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density in a population of 146 Iranian women. Cell J. 2013;15:75–82.
pubmed: 23700563
pmcid: 3660027
Khatkhatay MI. Genetic factors contributing to osteoporosis: study of vitamin D receptor polymorphism and estrogen receptor gene in Indian population. Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13:1633–9.
Thakkinstian A, Eisman J, Atteia J, Neygyen J. Meta-analysis of molecular association studies: vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and BMD as a case study. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:419–28.
pubmed: 15040830
doi: 10.1359/JBMR.0301265
Horst-Sikorska W, Ignaszak-Szczepaniak M, Marcinkowska M, Kaczmarek M, Stajgis M, Slomski R. Association analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density in young women with Graves’ disease. Acta Biochim Pol. 2008;55:371–80.
pubmed: 18506225
doi: 10.18388/abp.2008_3085
Creatsa M, Pliatsika P, Kaparos G, Antoniou A, Armeni E, Tsakonas E, et al. The effect of vitamin D receptor BsmI genotype on the response to osteoporosis treatment in postmenopausal women: a pilot study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011;37:1415–22.
pubmed: 21651652
doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01557.x
Lisker R, López MA, Jasqui S, Ponce De León Rosales S, Correa-Rotter R, Sánchez S, et al. Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with osteoporosis in Mexican postmenopausal women. Hum Biol. 2003;75:399–403.
pubmed: 14527203
doi: 10.1353/hub.2003.0045
Kiel DP, Demissie S, Dupuis J, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Karasik D. Genome-wide association with bone mass and geometry in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Med Genet. 2007;19:S14.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-8-S1-S14
Mosaad YM, Hammadb EM, Fawzy Z, Abdal IA, Youssef HM, ElSaid TO, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism as possible risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid related osteoporosis. Hum Immunol. 2014;75:452–61.
pubmed: 24530824
doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.02.009
Hussien YM, Shehata A, Karam RA, Alzahrani SS, Magdy H, El-Shafey AM. Polymorphism in vitamin D receptor and osteoprotegerin genes in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without osteoporosis. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40:3675–80.
pubmed: 23271131
doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2443-9
Jia F, Sun RF, Li QH, Wang DX, Zhao F, Li JM, et al. Vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and osteoporosis risk: a meta-analysis from 26 studies. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2013;17:30–4.
pubmed: 23134477
doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0267
Qin G, Dong Z, Zeng P, Liu M, Liao X. Association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with risk of osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of 41 studies. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40:497–506.
pubmed: 23054016
doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2086-x
Shen H, Xie J, Lu H. Vitamin D receptor gene and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Climacteric. 2014;17:319–24.
pubmed: 24156276
doi: 10.3109/13697137.2013.856401
Wu FY, Liu CS, Liao LN, Li CI, Lin CH, Yang CW, et al. Vitamin D receptor variability and physical activity are jointly associated with low handgrip strength and osteoporosis in community-dwelling elderly people in Taiwan: the Taichung Community Health Study for Elders (TCHS-E). Osteoporos Int. 2014;25:1917–29.
pubmed: 24682357
doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2691-8
Lauridsen AL, Vestergaard P, Nexo E. Mean serum concentration of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc globulin) is related to the Gc phenotype in women. Clin Chem. 2001;47:753–6.
pubmed: 11274031
doi: 10.1093/clinchem/47.4.753
Lauridsen AL, Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Moller HJ, Mosekilde L, Nexo E. Female premenopausal fracture risk is associated with Gc phenotype. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:875–81.
pubmed: 15125786
doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040133
Lauridsen AL, Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Brot C, Heickendorff L, Mosekilde L, et al. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D are related to the phenotype of Gc (vitamin D-binding protein): a cross-sectional study on 595 early postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2005;77:15–22.
pubmed: 15868280
doi: 10.1007/s00223-004-0227-5
Pekkinen M, Saarnio E, Viljakainen HT, Kokkonen E, Jakobsen J, Cashman K, et al. Vitamin D binding protein genotype is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations, as well as bone health in children and adolescents in Finland. PLoS One. 2014;9:e87292.
pubmed: 24498064
pmcid: 3907502
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087292
Xu XH, Xiong DH, Liu XG, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, et al. Association analyses of vitamin D-binding protein gene with compression strength index variation in Caucasian nuclear families. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21:99–107.
pubmed: 19543766
doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-0929-7
Taes YE, Goemaere S, Huang G, Van Pottelbergh I, De Bacquer D, Verhasselt B, et al. Vitamin D binding protein, bone status and body composition in community-dwelling elderly men. Bone. 2006;38:701–7.
pubmed: 16309986
doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.006
Al-oanzi ZH, Tuck SP, Mastana SS, Summers GD, Cook DB, Francis RM, et al. Vitamin D binding protein gene microsatellite polymorphism influences BMD and risk of fractures in men. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19:951–60.
pubmed: 18038108
doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0516-8
Papiha SS, Allcroft LC, Kanan RM, Francis RM, Datta HK. Vitamin D binding protein gene in male osteoporosis: association of plasma DBP and bone mineral density with (TAAA)n-Alu polymorphism in DBP. Calcif Tissue Int. 1999;65:262–6.
pubmed: 10485974
doi: 10.1007/s002239900695
Speeckaert M, Huang G, Delanghe JR, Taes YE. Biological and clinical aspects of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin) and its polymorphism. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;372:33–42.
pubmed: 16697362
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.03.011
Thongthai P, Chailurkit LO, Chanprasertyothin S, Nimitphong H, Sritara P, Aekplakorn W, et al. Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphism as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in Thais. Endocr Pract. 2015;21:221–5.
pubmed: 25370324
doi: 10.4158/EP14266.OR
Ezura Y, Nakajima T, Kajita M, Ishida R, Inoue S, Yoshida H, et al. Association of molecular variants, haplotypes, and linkage disequilibrium within the human vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene with postmenopausal bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18:1642–9.
pubmed: 12968673
doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1642
Sinotte M, Diorio C, Bérubé S, Pollak M, Brisson J. Genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D binding protein and plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:634–40.
pubmed: 19116321
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26445
Bu FX, Armas L, Lappe J, Zhou Y, Gao G, Wang HW, et al. Comprehensive association analysis of nine candidate genes with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels among healthy Caucasian subjects. Hum Genet. 2010;128:549–56.
pubmed: 20809279
doi: 10.1007/s00439-010-0881-9
Cheng JB, Levine MA, Bell NH, Mangelsdorf DJ, Russell DW. Genetic evidence that the human CYP2R1 enzyme is a key vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:7711–5.
pubmed: 15128933
pmcid: 419671
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402490101
Ahn J, Yu K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Simon KC, McCullough ML, Gallicchio L, et al. Genome-wide association study of circulating vitamin D levels. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19:2739–45.
pubmed: 20418485
pmcid: 2883344
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq155
Ramos-Lopez E, Kahles H, Weber S, Kukic A, Penna-Martinez M, Badenhoop K, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency: genetic contribution of CYP27B1 and CYP2R1 polymorphisms. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10:683–5.
pubmed: 18476984
doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00879.x
Massey K, Dickerson RN, Brown RO. A review of vitamin D deficiency in the critical care population. Pharmacy. 2014;2:40–9.
doi: 10.3390/pharmacy2010040