Mechanisms enhancing the protective functions of macular xanthophylls in the retina during oxidative stress.
Age-related macular degeneration
Antioxidants
Lipid peroxidation
Macular xanthophylls
Oxidative stress
Journal
Experimental eye research
ISSN: 1096-0007
Titre abrégé: Exp Eye Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0370707
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2019
01 2019
Historique:
received:
14
03
2018
revised:
26
04
2018
accepted:
13
06
2018
pubmed:
18
6
2018
medline:
26
3
2019
entrez:
18
6
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) are distinguished from other dietary carotenoids by their high membrane solubility and preferential transmembrane orientation. Additionally, these properties enhance the chemical and physical stability of MXs in the eye retina, and maximize their protective activities. The effectiveness of MXs' protection is also enhanced by their selective accumulation in the most vulnerable domains of retinal membranes. The retina is protected by MXs mainly through blue-light filtration, quenching of the excited triplet states of potent photosensitizers, and physical quenching of singlet oxygen. To perform these physical, photo-related actions, the structure of MXs should remain intact. However, the conjugated double-bond structure of MXs makes them highly chemically reactive and susceptible to oxidation. Chemical quenching of singlet oxygen and scavenging of free radicals destroy their intact structure and consume MXs. Consequently, their physical actions, which are critical to the protection of retina, are diminished. Thus, it is timely and important to identify mechanisms whereby the chemical destruction (bleaching) of MXs in retinal membranes can be reduced. It was shown that nitroxide free radicals (spin labels) located in membranes protect MXs against destruction, and their effect is especially pronounced during the light-induced formation of singlet oxygen. That should extend and enhance their positive action in the retina through physical processes. In this review, we will discuss possible applications of this new strategy during ophthalmological procedures, which can cause acute bleaching of MXs and damage the retina through oxidative processes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 29908882
pii: S0014-4835(18)30210-0
doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.012
pmc: PMC6447089
mid: NIHMS1019662
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antioxidants
0
Eye Proteins
0
Xanthophylls
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
238-246Subventions
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : P30 EY001931
Pays : United States
Organisme : NEI NIH HHS
ID : R01 EY015526
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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