The Influence of Side Effect Information Framing on Nocebo Effects.
Expectations
Framing
Nocebo
Placebo
Side effects
Journal
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
ISSN: 1532-4796
Titre abrégé: Ann Behav Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8510246
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 06 2019
04 06 2019
Historique:
received:
12
04
2018
revised:
07
06
2018
accepted:
20
08
2018
pubmed:
12
9
2018
medline:
10
7
2020
entrez:
12
9
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
One contributing factor to the development of nocebo effects is information provided about possible side effects. However, nondisclosure of information can be problematic. We assessed whether positively framed side effect information (highlighting likelihood of not experiencing side effects) can reduce nocebo effects compared to negatively framed information (highlighting likelihood of experiencing side effects). One hundred twelve participants took part in research ostensibly assessing the influence of benzodiazepines (actually sham capsules) on anxiety. Participants were randomized to receive a sham capsule with positively or negatively framed information about four side effects, or a no-treatment control condition. Side effect expectations were assessed after information provision. Framed side effects and other unmentioned symptoms were assessed during the session and 24-hr follow-up. Nocebo effects occurred in symptoms presented as side effects (regardless of framing) during the study session and follow-up (ps < .003). At follow-up, there was also a nocebo effect in other unmentioned symptoms (p = .018). Positive framing reduced side effect symptoms compared with negative framing during the study session (p = .037), but this effect was no longer present at follow-up (p = .53). Side effect expectations did not differ between the framing conditions (p = .14). Positive framing reduced side effects short-term, but not at follow-up. Expectations did not differ between negative and positive framing. Nocebo effects appeared to generalize to other unmentioned symptoms over a 24-hr period. Further research is needed to determine whether the initial impact of positive framing can be maintained over time.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
One contributing factor to the development of nocebo effects is information provided about possible side effects. However, nondisclosure of information can be problematic.
PURPOSE
We assessed whether positively framed side effect information (highlighting likelihood of not experiencing side effects) can reduce nocebo effects compared to negatively framed information (highlighting likelihood of experiencing side effects).
METHODS
One hundred twelve participants took part in research ostensibly assessing the influence of benzodiazepines (actually sham capsules) on anxiety. Participants were randomized to receive a sham capsule with positively or negatively framed information about four side effects, or a no-treatment control condition. Side effect expectations were assessed after information provision. Framed side effects and other unmentioned symptoms were assessed during the session and 24-hr follow-up.
RESULTS
Nocebo effects occurred in symptoms presented as side effects (regardless of framing) during the study session and follow-up (ps < .003). At follow-up, there was also a nocebo effect in other unmentioned symptoms (p = .018). Positive framing reduced side effect symptoms compared with negative framing during the study session (p = .037), but this effect was no longer present at follow-up (p = .53). Side effect expectations did not differ between the framing conditions (p = .14).
CONCLUSIONS
Positive framing reduced side effects short-term, but not at follow-up. Expectations did not differ between negative and positive framing. Nocebo effects appeared to generalize to other unmentioned symptoms over a 24-hr period. Further research is needed to determine whether the initial impact of positive framing can be maintained over time.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30204841
pii: 5094581
doi: 10.1093/abm/kay071
doi:
Substances chimiques
Placebos
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
621-629Informations de copyright
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