Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain in Children and Adolescents.

The barriers to opioid use in some countries necessitate the need to identify suitable alternatives or adjuncts for pain relief. The gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are approved for the management of persistent pain in adults, but not in children. Searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up until November 2017, for randomized controlled trials that investigated the analgesic effects of gabapentin or pregabalin in children and adolescents <18 years of age. A total of 7 publications were identified, 5 regarding gabapentin as prophylactic postsurgical pain relief for either adenotonsillectomy (n = 3) or scoliosis surgery (n = 2), and 1 for gabapentin treatment of chronic regional pain syndrome/neuropathic pain. One study investigated the efficacy of pregabalin as a treatment for fibromyalgia. Based on the studies' primary outcomes alone, neither of the chronic pain studies involving gabapentin and pregabalin showed significant efficacy compared with amitriptyline or placebo, respectively. Two of the prophylactic gabapentin studies for adenotonsillectomy and idiopathic scoliosis surgery reported significantly fewer children requiring analgesia and lower opioid requirement, respectively, compared with placebo. Two of the identified clinical trials (conducted by the same first author) on the efficacy of gabapentin for prophylactic postadenotonsillectomy pain relief were omitted from narrative synthesis due to clear evidence of fabricated data. Overall, this review identified a paucity of evidence for the analgesic effect and safety of gabapentinoids in children. We also suggest audit of any current evidence-based practice and clinical guidelines that have cited the research studies with fabricated data.