Individual variability in female and male mice in a test-retest protocol of the forced swim test.
Animals
Antidepressive Agents
/ pharmacology
Behavior, Animal
/ drug effects
Biological Variation, Population
Depression
/ drug therapy
Disease Models, Animal
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
/ methods
Female
Male
Mice
/ physiology
Mice, Inbred ICR
Reproducibility of Results
Sex Factors
Stress, Psychological
/ etiology
Swimming
/ psychology
Animal models
Antidepressants
Bipolar disorder
Depression
Individual variability
Journal
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
ISSN: 1873-488X
Titre abrégé: J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9206091
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
17
07
2018
revised:
17
09
2018
accepted:
21
11
2018
pubmed:
27
11
2018
medline:
20
3
2019
entrez:
27
11
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The challenges to embody the complexity of symptoms and biological mechanism of affective disorders question the value of animal models as well as their reproducibility and validity. Validity is further hindered by large individual variability in many models. Whereas individual variability presents a challenge, it can also be used to study susceptibility and resistance. One of the frequently used models for screening antidepressants and interventions related to depression is the forced swim test (FST). The FST is typically performed only once. The current study was designed with a number of objectives: (1) Examine the group effects of repeated FST (2) Examine the interaction between sex and repeated FST and (3) examine the consistency of individual variability across test and retest in the FST. We exposed ICR female and male mice to the FST 3 or 5 times with two days between exposures. Immobility time was analyzed across exposures at the group and the individual levels using repeated measures ANOVA as well as Pearson's correlations. As expected, repeated exposure to the FST resulted in increased immobility across exposures with no consistent effect of sex. At the level of individual mice, immobility time showed correlation across exposures. The current study demonstrates the effects of repeating the FST in both sexes with attention to individual variability. The results suggest that the FST can be used more than once and that mice show a consistent individual pattern of responding in the test.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The challenges to embody the complexity of symptoms and biological mechanism of affective disorders question the value of animal models as well as their reproducibility and validity. Validity is further hindered by large individual variability in many models. Whereas individual variability presents a challenge, it can also be used to study susceptibility and resistance. One of the frequently used models for screening antidepressants and interventions related to depression is the forced swim test (FST). The FST is typically performed only once.
METHODS
METHODS
The current study was designed with a number of objectives: (1) Examine the group effects of repeated FST (2) Examine the interaction between sex and repeated FST and (3) examine the consistency of individual variability across test and retest in the FST. We exposed ICR female and male mice to the FST 3 or 5 times with two days between exposures. Immobility time was analyzed across exposures at the group and the individual levels using repeated measures ANOVA as well as Pearson's correlations.
RESULTS
RESULTS
As expected, repeated exposure to the FST resulted in increased immobility across exposures with no consistent effect of sex. At the level of individual mice, immobility time showed correlation across exposures.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
The current study demonstrates the effects of repeating the FST in both sexes with attention to individual variability. The results suggest that the FST can be used more than once and that mice show a consistent individual pattern of responding in the test.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30476619
pii: S1056-8719(18)30699-3
doi: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.11.007
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antidepressive Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
12-15Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.