Effect of S-equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain.
S-equol
arterial stiffness
atherosclerosis
cognitive
impairment
cognitive decline
coronary heart disease
dementia
soy isoflavones.
Journal
Current cardiology reviews
ISSN: 1875-6557
Titre abrégé: Curr Cardiol Rev
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101261935
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
09
10
2018
revised:
26
11
2018
accepted:
26
11
2018
pubmed:
6
12
2018
medline:
27
4
2019
entrez:
6
12
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Observational studies in Asia show that dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a significant inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis in the US, however, failed to show their benefit. The discrepancy may be due to the much lower prevalence of S-equol producers in Westerners: Only 20-30% of Westerners produce S-equol in contrast to 50-70% in Asians. S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones. Several short-duration RCTs documented that soy isoflavones improves arterial stiffness. Accumulating evidence shows that both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are positively associated with cognitive decline/dementia. Therefore, potentially, soy isoflavones, especially S-equol, are protective against cognitive decline/dementia. This narrative review of clinical and epidemiological studies provides an overview of the health benefits of soy isoflavones and introduces S-equol. Second, we review recent evidence on the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with CHD, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness as well as the association of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with cognitive decline/ dementia. Third, we highlight recent studies that report the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with cognitive decline/dementia. Lastly, we discuss the future directions of clinical and epidemiological research on the relationship of S-equol and CHD and dementia. Evidence from observational studies and short-term RCTs suggests that S-equol is anti-atherogenic and improves arterial stiffness and may prevent CHD and cognitive impairment/ dementia. Well-designed long-term (≥ 2years) RCTs should be pursued.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Observational studies in Asia show that dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a significant inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis in the US, however, failed to show their benefit. The discrepancy may be due to the much lower prevalence of S-equol producers in Westerners: Only 20-30% of Westerners produce S-equol in contrast to 50-70% in Asians. S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones. Several short-duration RCTs documented that soy isoflavones improves arterial stiffness. Accumulating evidence shows that both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are positively associated with cognitive decline/dementia. Therefore, potentially, soy isoflavones, especially S-equol, are protective against cognitive decline/dementia.
METHODS/RESULTS
RESULTS
This narrative review of clinical and epidemiological studies provides an overview of the health benefits of soy isoflavones and introduces S-equol. Second, we review recent evidence on the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with CHD, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness as well as the association of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with cognitive decline/ dementia. Third, we highlight recent studies that report the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with cognitive decline/dementia. Lastly, we discuss the future directions of clinical and epidemiological research on the relationship of S-equol and CHD and dementia.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence from observational studies and short-term RCTs suggests that S-equol is anti-atherogenic and improves arterial stiffness and may prevent CHD and cognitive impairment/ dementia. Well-designed long-term (≥ 2years) RCTs should be pursued.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30516108
pii: CCR-EPUB-95027
doi: 10.2174/1573403X15666181205104717
pmc: PMC6520578
doi:
Substances chimiques
Isoflavones
0
Equol
531-95-3
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
114-135Subventions
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R21 ES029734
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : RF1 AG051615
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
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