The Tolerant Immune System: Biological Significance and Clinical Implications of T Cell Tolerance.


Journal

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets
ISSN: 2212-3873
Titre abrégé: Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101269157

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2019
Historique:
received: 02 05 2018
revised: 11 06 2018
accepted: 14 06 2018
pubmed: 13 12 2018
medline: 22 1 2020
entrez: 13 12 2018
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

T cell tolerance both at thymic and peripheral levels is a mechanism of protection finalized to eradicate autoreactive T cell clones and/or to maintain immune homeostasis, especially, postnatally. Central tolerance occurs in the thymic medulla via a mechanism of negative selection which leads to the eradication of autoreactive T cell clones. Mechanisms of Action: Such a tolerogenic event relies on Fas-mediated apoptosis of autoreactive T cell clones operated by thymic dendritic cells (DCs), on the one hand. On the other hand, activated thymic T regulatory (Treg) cells in cooperation with medullary thymic epithelial cells and DCs suppress autoreactive T cell clones. Peripherally, different types of Treg cells exert the so-called peripheral tolerance towards autoreactive T cell clones which may have escaped from negative selection mechanisms. At the same time, peripheral Treg cells activated by tolerogenic DC have antiinflammatory activities, especially in the intestine towards food and microbial antigens. Drug Targeting: Various natural and dietary products, such as vitamins (A, C, D), lactobacilli and polyphenols will be described for their tolerogenic capacity to attenuate the inflammatory pathway, as observed in preclinical and clinical studies.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
T cell tolerance both at thymic and peripheral levels is a mechanism of protection finalized to eradicate autoreactive T cell clones and/or to maintain immune homeostasis, especially, postnatally. Central tolerance occurs in the thymic medulla via a mechanism of negative selection which leads to the eradication of autoreactive T cell clones. Mechanisms of Action: Such a tolerogenic event relies on Fas-mediated apoptosis of autoreactive T cell clones operated by thymic dendritic cells (DCs), on the one hand. On the other hand, activated thymic T regulatory (Treg) cells in cooperation with medullary thymic epithelial cells and DCs suppress autoreactive T cell clones. Peripherally, different types of Treg cells exert the so-called peripheral tolerance towards autoreactive T cell clones which may have escaped from negative selection mechanisms. At the same time, peripheral Treg cells activated by tolerogenic DC have antiinflammatory activities, especially in the intestine towards food and microbial antigens. Drug Targeting: Various natural and dietary products, such as vitamins (A, C, D), lactobacilli and polyphenols will be described for their tolerogenic capacity to attenuate the inflammatory pathway, as observed in preclinical and clinical studies.

Identifiants

pubmed: 30539706
pii: EMIDDT-EPUB-95171
doi: 10.2174/1871530319666181211161721
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

580-593

Informations de copyright

Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.

Auteurs

Thea Magrone (T)

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Emilio Jirillo (E)

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

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Classifications MeSH