The Retina as a Window or Mirror of the Brain Changes Detected in Alzheimer's Disease: Critical Aspects to Unravel.
Alzheimer’s disease
Biomarkers
Brain
Diagnosis
Retina
Journal
Molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1559-1182
Titre abrégé: Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8900963
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2019
Aug 2019
Historique:
received:
24
09
2018
accepted:
17
12
2018
pubmed:
7
1
2019
medline:
18
12
2019
entrez:
7
1
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent cause of dementia worldwide, representing a global health challenge, with a massive impact on the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease patients and their relatives. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease constitutes a real challenge, because the symptoms manifest years after the first degenerative changes occurring in the brain and the diagnosis is based on invasive and/or expensive techniques. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new reliable biomarkers to detect Alzheimer's disease at an early stage. Taking into account the evidence for visual deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients, sometimes even before the appearance of the first disease symptoms, and that the retina is an extension of the brain, the concept of the retina as a window to look into the brain or a mirror of the brain has received increasing interest in recent years. However, only a few studies have assessed the changes occurring in the retina and the brain at the same time points. Unlike previous reviews on this subject, which are mainly focused on brain changes, we organized this review by comprehensively summarizing findings related with structural, functional, cellular, and molecular parameters in the retina reported in both Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models. Moreover, we separated the studies that assessed only the retina, and those that assessed both the retina and brain, which are few but allow establishing correlations between the retina and brain. This review also highlights some inconsistent results in the literature as well as relevant missing gaps in this field.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30612332
doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1461-6
pii: 10.1007/s12035-018-1461-6
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
5416-5435Subventions
Organisme : Santa Casa Mantero Belard Award 2015
ID : (MB-1049-2015)
Organisme : Foundation for Science and Technology
ID : PEst (UID/NEU/04539/2013)
Organisme : Foundation for Science and Technology
ID : (SFRH/BD/52045/2012)
Organisme : Foundation for Science and Technology
ID : (SFRH/BPD/86830/2012)
Organisme : COMPETE-FEDER
ID : (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440)
Organisme : Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
ID : (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008: BrainHealth 2020)
Références
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;14(12):1000-5
pubmed: 10607966
Neuropsychologia. 2000;38(8):1157-69
pubmed: 10838150
Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Apr;79(2):187-91
pubmed: 11284761
Neurobiol Aging. 2001 Jul-Aug;22(4):691-5
pubmed: 11445270
Clin Neurophysiol. 2001 Oct;112(10):1860-7
pubmed: 11595144
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001 Nov-Dec;12(6):359-63
pubmed: 11598306
Gerontology. 2002 Jul-Aug;48(4):197-203
pubmed: 12053107
Age Ageing. 2003 Jul;32(4):422-6
pubmed: 12851187
Lancet Neurol. 2004 Mar;3(3):184-90
pubmed: 14980533
Neurology. 2004 Mar 23;62(6):925-31
pubmed: 15037694
Physiol Rev. 2004 Apr;84(2):361-84
pubmed: 15044677
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Feb;37(2):289-305
pubmed: 15474976
Neuropsychologia. 2005;43(1):60-8
pubmed: 15488906
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Dec;52(12):1996-2002
pubmed: 15571533
J Neuroophthalmol. 2006 Mar;26(1):18-24
pubmed: 16518161
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1990 Sep-Oct;77(5):323-9
pubmed: 1697523
Neurology. 2006 Nov 28;67(10):1852-4
pubmed: 17130422
J Anat. 2007 Jan;210(1):54-65
pubmed: 17229283
Neurodegener Dis. 2007;4(1):13-27
pubmed: 17429215
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 May;48(5):2285-9
pubmed: 17460292
Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jun 13;420(2):97-9
pubmed: 17543991
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 Jul;8(7):499-509
pubmed: 17551515
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;640:44-6
pubmed: 1776758
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Nov;49(11):5136-43
pubmed: 18566467
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jul;9(7):532-44
pubmed: 18568014
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2006 Apr;4(2):139-47
pubmed: 18615127
J Neurochem. 2008 Oct;107(1):279-90
pubmed: 18691390
Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Dec;32(3):412-9
pubmed: 18786637
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Feb;50(2):793-800
pubmed: 18791173
Prog Brain Res. 2008;173:437-50
pubmed: 18929126
J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;16(1):15-27
pubmed: 19158417
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep;247(9):1213-21
pubmed: 19271231
Neurobiol Aging. 2011 Mar;32(3):419-33
pubmed: 19356824
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;27(6):501-7
pubmed: 19451717
Am J Pathol. 2009 Nov;175(5):2099-110
pubmed: 19834067
Brain Struct Funct. 2010 Mar;214(2-3):127-43
pubmed: 19921519
Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 Feb;109(2):199-204
pubmed: 1993028
Ann Neurol. 1991 Jan;29(1):41-52
pubmed: 1996878
Optometry. 2010 Jan;81(1):12-21
pubmed: 20004873
J Gen Intern Med. 1991 Mar-Apr;6(2):126-32
pubmed: 2023019
Brain Res Bull. 2010 May 31;82(3-4):169-76
pubmed: 20385208
Doc Ophthalmol. 2010 Oct;121(2):111-21
pubmed: 20549299
Neuroimage. 2011 Jan;54 Suppl 1:S204-17
pubmed: 20550967
J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(1):1-16
pubmed: 20847434
Aging Cell. 2011 Apr;10(2):263-76
pubmed: 21108733
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011 Feb;8(1):67-80
pubmed: 21143158
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011 Sep;113(7):523-6
pubmed: 21454010
Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):280-92
pubmed: 21514248
Neuroreport. 2011 Aug 24;22(12):623-7
pubmed: 21734608
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;28(4):885-96
pubmed: 22112549
J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(3):615-28
pubmed: 22269161
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2012 Sep;9(7):782-8
pubmed: 22698074
Cereb Cortex. 2013 Oct;23(10):2489-99
pubmed: 22879351
J Neuroophthalmol. 2013 Mar;33(1):58-61
pubmed: 22918296
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Nov 01;2(11):null
pubmed: 23002015
Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Apr;34(4):1133-44
pubmed: 23084085
Ophthalmology. 1990 Jan;97(1):9-17
pubmed: 2314849
Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Jan;9(1):44-53
pubmed: 23165340
J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;34(3):659-64
pubmed: 23271313
PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e53547
pubmed: 23300938
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;763:70-84
pubmed: 23397619
Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Feb 26;3:e233
pubmed: 23443359
Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jul;34(7):1799-806
pubmed: 23465714
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;21(6):501-8
pubmed: 23567415
Brain Pathol. 2014 Jan;24(1):25-32
pubmed: 23714377
Neurosci Lett. 2013 Sep 13;551:12-6
pubmed: 23810804
Int J Neurosci. 2014 Apr;124(4):227-35
pubmed: 23919560
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Sep 05;54(9):5953-8
pubmed: 23920375
Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Mar;10(2):251-61
pubmed: 24011928
Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 1;75(7):520-6
pubmed: 24012326
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jan 29;55(1):523-34
pubmed: 24398104
Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Mar;10(2):135-42
pubmed: 24439169
JAMA Neurol. 2014 Apr;71(4):505-8
pubmed: 24493463
Neurobiol Aging. 2014 Sep;35(9):2013-20
pubmed: 24709310
J Neurol. 2014 Aug;261(8):1522-30
pubmed: 24846203
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar;43(2):145-51
pubmed: 24995484
J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(4):1191-202
pubmed: 25024317
Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2014;4(3):241-52
pubmed: 25095818
Exp Eye Res. 2014 Oct;127:252-60
pubmed: 25149907
Trends Neurosci. 2014 Dec;37(12):721-32
pubmed: 25223701
Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Jun;11(6):608-21.e7
pubmed: 25239737
Int Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec;34(6):1203-11
pubmed: 25284015
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(1):45-56
pubmed: 25428254
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;60(1):162-7
pubmed: 25459918
Acta Ophthalmol. 2015 Jun;93(4):e241-7
pubmed: 25482990
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(1):97-107
pubmed: 25537012
Lancet Neurol. 2015 Apr;14(4):388-405
pubmed: 25792098
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015 May;132:68-73
pubmed: 25797847
BMC Neurol. 2015 Feb 21;15:14
pubmed: 25886372
Exp Eye Res. 2015 Jun;135:47-58
pubmed: 25912193
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016 Mar;51:1-40
pubmed: 26113209
J Inorg Biochem. 2015 Nov;152:206-9
pubmed: 26213226
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 07;10(8):e0134750
pubmed: 26252902
Ann Neurol. 2016 Jan;79(1):90-109
pubmed: 26505992
Brain. 2016 Jan;139(Pt 1):23-30
pubmed: 26614753
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2015 May 16;1(2):229-235
pubmed: 26634224
J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;51(1):21-6
pubmed: 26836173
Can J Ophthalmol. 2016 Feb;51(1):e16-8
pubmed: 26874164
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2016 Aug;31(5):430-6
pubmed: 26888864
J Neurosci. 2016 Feb 17;36(7):2086-100
pubmed: 26888921
Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 Sep;94(6):e454-9
pubmed: 26895692
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 22;11(4):e0153830
pubmed: 27104962
Neural Regen Res. 2016 Mar;11(3):447-53
pubmed: 27127484
Neurosci Lett. 2016 Jun 3;623:52-6
pubmed: 27133194
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2015 Apr 23;1(2):136-43
pubmed: 27239501
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2015 Apr 23;1(2):144-51
pubmed: 27239502
Neurosci Lett. 2016 Aug 26;629:165-170
pubmed: 27394689
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 06;11(9):e0162202
pubmed: 27598262
J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 Dec 6;55(3):1083-1099
pubmed: 27716675
Ann Neurol. 1989 Aug;26(2):221-5
pubmed: 2774509
Ann Neurol. 1989 Aug;26(2):226-31
pubmed: 2774510
Ophthalmology. 1989 Jul;96(7):1077-85; discussion 1085-6
pubmed: 2788851
J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(2):655-675
pubmed: 28035930
J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;56(3):1101-1107
pubmed: 28106555
Brain Res. 1989 Nov 6;501(2):364-72
pubmed: 2819446
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017 Mar 1;9(1):13
pubmed: 28253913
Neurobiol Aging. 2017 May;53:181-191
pubmed: 28262325
Eye (Lond). 2017 Jul;31(7):1034-1041
pubmed: 28282060
Front Neurol. 2017 Mar 21;8:93
pubmed: 28373855
Neuroscience. 2017 Jun 23;354:43-53
pubmed: 28450267
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Sep;255(9):1827-1835
pubmed: 28643042
Mol Neurodegener. 2017 Aug 3;12(1):58
pubmed: 28774322
JCI Insight. 2017 Aug 17;2(16):null
pubmed: 28814675
Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 3;8(47):83038-83051
pubmed: 29137322
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2017 Nov 06;10:49-55
pubmed: 29201990
Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;23(2):177-198
pubmed: 29230021
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 8;13(2):e0192646
pubmed: 29420642
Neurobiol Aging. 2018 Jul;67:181-188
pubmed: 29735432
Neurobiol Aging. 2018 Sep;69:94-101
pubmed: 29864717
Cell Death Dis. 2018 Jun 7;9(6):685
pubmed: 29880901
Cells. 2018 Jun 15;7(6):null
pubmed: 29914056
Front Mol Neurosci. 2018 Aug 24;11:293
pubmed: 30197586
Am J Ophthalmol. 1987 Aug 15;104(2):113-20
pubmed: 3618708
N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 21;315(8):485-7
pubmed: 3736630
Brain. 1987 Feb;110 ( Pt 1):107-20
pubmed: 3801846
Brain. 1984 Mar;107 ( Pt 1):309-25
pubmed: 6697160
Optom Vis Sci. 1995 Mar;72(3):155-67
pubmed: 7609938
Optom Vis Sci. 1995 Mar;72(3):168-76
pubmed: 7609939
Gerontologist. 1995 Jun;35(3):370-6
pubmed: 7622089
Neurology. 1995 Jan;45(1):68-74
pubmed: 7824139
Neurobiol Aging. 1994 May-Jun;15(3):305-11
pubmed: 7936054
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1994 Mar;53(2):150-7
pubmed: 8120537
Neurology. 1993 Nov;43(11):2328-30
pubmed: 8232951
Optom Vis Sci. 1993 Oct;70(10):809-13
pubmed: 8247482
Am J Ophthalmol. 1993 Sep 15;116(3):363-9
pubmed: 8357062
Neurol Res. 1996 Feb;18(1):9-15
pubmed: 8714529
Neurobiol Aging. 1996 May-Jun;17(3):385-95
pubmed: 8725900
Brain. 1998 Dec;121 ( Pt 12):2259-70
pubmed: 9874479