Longitudinal changes in cocaine intake and cognition are linked to cortical thickness adaptations in cocaine users.
Adult
Attention
/ drug effects
Cocaine
/ administration & dosage
Cocaine-Related Disorders
/ pathology
Cognition
/ drug effects
Cognitive Dysfunction
/ complications
Female
Frontal Lobe
/ drug effects
Gray Matter
/ drug effects
Gyrus Cinguli
/ drug effects
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Memory, Short-Term
/ drug effects
Prefrontal Cortex
/ drug effects
Cocaine-related disorders
Cognition
Endophenotype
Prefrontal cortex
Journal
NeuroImage. Clinical
ISSN: 2213-1582
Titre abrégé: Neuroimage Clin
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101597070
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
05
07
2018
revised:
04
12
2018
accepted:
02
01
2019
pubmed:
15
1
2019
medline:
4
1
2020
entrez:
15
1
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cocaine use has been consistently associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex. However, it is unclear if such neuroanatomical abnormalities depict either pre-existing vulnerability markers or drug-induced consequences. Thus, this longitudinal MRI study investigated neuroplasticity and cognitive changes in relation to altered cocaine intake. Surface-based morphometry, cocaine hair concentration, and cognitive performance were measured in 29 cocaine users (CU) and 38 matched controls at baseline and follow-up. Based on changes in hair cocaine concentration, CU were classified either as Decreasers (n = 15) or Sustained Users (n = 14). Surface-based morphometry measures did not include regional tissue volumes. At baseline, CU displayed reduced cortical thickness (CT) in lateral frontal regions, and smaller cortical surface area (CSA) in the anterior cingulate cortex, compared to controls. In Decreasers, CT of the lateral frontal cortex increased whereas CT within the same regions tended to further decrease in Sustained Users. In contrast, no changes were found for CSA and subcortical structures. Changes in CT were linked to cognitive performance changes and amount of cocaine consumed over the study period. These results suggest that frontal abnormalities in CU are partially drug-induced and can recover with decreased substance use. Moreover, recovery of frontal CT is accompanied by improved cognitive performance confirming that cognitive decline associated with cocaine use is potentially reversible.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Cocaine use has been consistently associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex. However, it is unclear if such neuroanatomical abnormalities depict either pre-existing vulnerability markers or drug-induced consequences. Thus, this longitudinal MRI study investigated neuroplasticity and cognitive changes in relation to altered cocaine intake.
METHODS
Surface-based morphometry, cocaine hair concentration, and cognitive performance were measured in 29 cocaine users (CU) and 38 matched controls at baseline and follow-up. Based on changes in hair cocaine concentration, CU were classified either as Decreasers (n = 15) or Sustained Users (n = 14). Surface-based morphometry measures did not include regional tissue volumes.
RESULTS
At baseline, CU displayed reduced cortical thickness (CT) in lateral frontal regions, and smaller cortical surface area (CSA) in the anterior cingulate cortex, compared to controls. In Decreasers, CT of the lateral frontal cortex increased whereas CT within the same regions tended to further decrease in Sustained Users. In contrast, no changes were found for CSA and subcortical structures. Changes in CT were linked to cognitive performance changes and amount of cocaine consumed over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that frontal abnormalities in CU are partially drug-induced and can recover with decreased substance use. Moreover, recovery of frontal CT is accompanied by improved cognitive performance confirming that cognitive decline associated with cocaine use is potentially reversible.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30639181
pii: S2213-1582(19)30002-6
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101652
pmc: PMC6412021
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cocaine
I5Y540LHVR
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101652Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.