Cross-diagnostic analysis of cognitive control in mental illness: Insights from the CNTRACS consortium.
Adolescent
Adult
Bipolar Disorder
/ diagnosis
Cognition
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Neuropsychological Tests
/ statistics & numerical data
Psychometrics
/ statistics & numerical data
Psychotic Disorders
/ diagnosis
Reproducibility of Results
Schizophrenia
/ diagnosis
Schizophrenic Psychology
Young Adult
Ax-cpt
Bipolar disorder
Cognitive control
D-prime context
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Journal
Schizophrenia research
ISSN: 1573-2509
Titre abrégé: Schizophr Res
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8804207
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2019
06 2019
Historique:
received:
26
02
2018
revised:
17
12
2018
accepted:
17
01
2019
pubmed:
2
2
2019
medline:
18
8
2020
entrez:
2
2
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC. 72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample. Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning. These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
In recent years, psychiatry research has increasingly focused on understanding mental illnesses from a cross-diagnostic, dimensional perspective in order to better align their neurocognitive features with underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In this multi-site study, we examined two measures of cognitive control (d-prime context and lapsing rate) during the Dot Probe Expectancy (DPX) version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in patients with either schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SZ-A), or Type I bipolar disorder (BD) as well as healthy control (HC) subjects. We hypothesized significantly lower d-prime context and higher lapsing rate in SZ and SZ-A patients and intermediate levels in BD patients relative to HC.
METHODS
72 HC, 84 SZ, 77 SZ-A, and 58 BD patients (ages 18-56) were included in the final study sample.
RESULTS
Significant main effects of diagnosis were observed on d-prime context (F(3,279) = 9.59, p < 0.001) and lapsing (F(3,279) = 8.08, p < 0.001). A priori linear contrasts suggesting intermediate dysfunction in BD patients were significant (p < 0.001), although post-hoc tests showed the BD group was only significantly different from HC on d-prime context. Group results for d-prime context remained significant after covarying for lapsing rate. Primary behavioral measures were associated with mania and disorganization symptoms as well as everyday functioning.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest a continuum of dysfunction in cognitive control (particularly d-prime context) across diagnostic categories in psychiatric illness. These results further suggest that lapsing and d-prime context, while related, make unique contributions towards explaining deficits in cognitive control in these disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30704863
pii: S0920-9964(19)30016-7
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.018
pmc: PMC6544491
mid: NIHMS1519991
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
377-383Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH084826
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH084821
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH084861
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH059883
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH084840
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : F32 MH114325
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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