Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure amongst Farmers, Farm Workers, and Veterinary Professionals in Central South Africa.
Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Animals
Antibodies, Viral
/ blood
Cross-Sectional Studies
Epidemics
/ prevention & control
Farmers
/ statistics & numerical data
Female
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Livestock
/ virology
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Occupational Exposure
Red Meat
/ virology
Rift Valley Fever
/ epidemiology
Rift Valley fever virus
Seroepidemiologic Studies
South Africa
/ epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Veterinarians
/ statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Journal
Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
Titre abrégé: Viruses
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101509722
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 02 2019
07 02 2019
Historique:
received:
21
12
2018
revised:
01
02
2019
accepted:
05
02
2019
entrez:
10
2
2019
pubmed:
10
2
2019
medline:
14
6
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km² study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30736488
pii: v11020140
doi: 10.3390/v11020140
pmc: PMC6409972
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Defense Threat Reduction Agency
ID : CT 2014-33
Pays : International
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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