Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain stimulation in early Parkinson disease.

Deep Brain Stimulation Follow-Up Studies Humans Parkinson Disease / psychology Prognosis Quality of Life

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
05 03 2019
Historique:
received: 10 05 2018
accepted: 04 11 2018
pubmed: 10 2 2019
medline: 20 11 2019
entrez: 10 2 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To investigate predictors for improvement of disease-specific quality of life (QOL) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson disease (PD) with early motor complications. We performed a secondary analysis of data from the previously published EARLYSTIM study, a prospective randomized trial comparing STN-DBS (n = 124) to best medical treatment (n = 127) after 2 years follow-up with disease-specific QOL (39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire summary index [PDQ-39-SI]) as the primary endpoint. Linear regression analyses of the baseline characteristics age, disease duration, duration of motor complications, and disease severity measured at baseline with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) (UPDRS-III "off" and "on" medications, UPDRS-IV) were conducted to determine predictors of change in PDQ-39-SI. PDQ-39-SI at baseline was correlated to the change in PDQ-39-SI after 24 months in both treatment groups ( Impaired QOL as subjectively evaluated by the patient is the most important predictor of benefit in patients with PD and early motor complications, fulfilling objective gold standard inclusion criteria for STN-DBS. Our results prompt systematically including evaluation of disease-specific QOL when selecting patients with PD for STN-DBS. NCT00354133.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007037 PMID: 30737338 PMC: PMC6442017
pubmed: 30737338
pii: WNL.0000000000007037
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007037
pmc: PMC6442017
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT00354133']

Types de publication

Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e1109-e1120

Investigateurs

Virginie Czernecki (V)
Helke Hesekamp (H)
Niklaus Meier (N)
Velina Negovanska (V)
Marie-Laure Welter (ML)
Jean-Christophe Corvol (JC)
Philippe Cornu (P)
Soledad Navarro (S)
Bettina Möller (B)
Adelheid Nebel (A)
Karsten Witt (K)
Jan Raethjen (J)
Maximilian Mehdorn (M)
Ingo G Meister (IG)
Jens Kuhn (J)
Josef Kessler (J)
Doreen Gruber (D)
Katharina Faust (K)
Stephan Chabardes (S)
Pierre Pollak (P)
Oliver Rascol (O)
Christophe Arbus (C)
Lola Danet (L)
Romain Lefaucheur (R)
Isabelle Benatru (I)
Olivier Colin (O)
Solene Ansquer (S)
Stefan J Groiss (SJ)
Saskia Elben (S)
Christian Hartmann (C)
Martin Südmeyer (M)
Florian Amtage (F)
Rejko Krueger (R)
Severine Ledily (S)
Anne Sauvaget (A)
Wenke Schmidt (W)
Alexandro Eusebio (A)
Jean Philippe Azulay (JP)
Gustavo Polo (G)
Serge Pinto (S)
Johannes Levin (J)
Wolfgang H Oertel (WH)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : ErratumIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

W M Michael Schuepbach (WMM)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Lisa Tonder (L)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Alfons Schnitzler (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Paul Krack (P)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Joern Rau (J)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Andreas Hartmann (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Thomas D Hälbig (TD)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Fanny Pineau (F)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Andrea Falk (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Laura Paschen (L)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Stephen Paschen (S)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Jens Volkmann (J)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Haidar S Dafsari (HS)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Michael T Barbe (MT)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Gereon R Fink (GR)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Andrea Kühn (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Andreas Kupsch (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Gerd-H Schneider (GH)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Eric Seigneuret (E)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Valerie Fraix (V)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Andrea Kistner (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

P Patrick Chaynes (PP)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Fabienne Ory-Magne (F)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Christine Brefel-Courbon (C)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Jan Vesper (J)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Lars Wojtecki (L)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Stéphane Derrey (S)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

David Maltête (D)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Philippe Damier (P)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Pascal Derkinderen (P)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Friederike Sixel-Döring (F)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Claudia Trenkwalder (C)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Alireza Gharabaghi (A)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Tobias Wächter (T)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Daniel Weiss (D)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Marcus O Pinsker (MO)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Jean-Marie Regis (JM)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Tatiana Witjas (T)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Stephane Thobois (S)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Patrick Mertens (P)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Karina Knudsen (K)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Carmen Schade-Brittinger (C)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Jean-Luc Houeto (JL)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Yves Agid (Y)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Marie Vidailhet (M)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Lars Timmermann (L)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany.

Günther Deuschl (G)

From the Département de Neurologie (W.M.M.S., A.H., T.D.H., F.P., Y.A., M.V.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Institute of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), Konolfingen; Department of Neurology (W.M.M.S.), University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Switzerland; Medtronic (L.T.), Minneapolis, MN; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology (A.D., L.W.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology (P.K.), CHU Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), University Grenoble Alpes; Inserm U1216 (P.K., V.F., A. Kistner), Grenoble, France; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology) (P.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Coordinating Center for clinical trials of the Philipps University of Marburg (J.R., C.S.-B.); Neurochirurgische Klinik im Neurozentrum (A.F., L.P., S.P., J. Volkmann, K.K., G.D.),Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J. Volkmann), Universitätsklinikum Würzburg; Department of Neurology (H.S.D., M.T.B., G.R.F., L.T.), University Hospital Cologne; Research Centre Jülich (G.R.F.); Klinik für Neurologie (T.D.H., A. Kühn, A. Kupsch) and Klinik für Neurochirurgie (G.-H.S.), Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Praxis Kupsch (A. Kupsch), Berlin, Germany; Service de Neurochirurgie (E.S.) and Service de Neurologie (V.F.), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grenoble; Departments of Neurosurgery (P.P.C.), Neurology (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), and Clinical Pharmacology (C.B.-C.), University Hospital of Toulouse; ToNIC (F.O.-M., C.B.-C.), Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Neurosurgery (J. Vesper), Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurosurgery (S.D.) and Neurology (D.M.), Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen; INSERM U1239 (D.M.), Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan; Service de Neurologie (P. Damier, P. Derkinderen), CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, France; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel (F.S.-D., C.T.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.T.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery and Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (A.G.), Tübingen; Abteilung für Neurologie (T.W.), Reha-Zentrum Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (D.W.), University of Tübingen; Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (M.O.P.), University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Departments of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery and Radiosurgery (J.-.M.R.) and Neurology (T.W.), Timone University Hospital, INSERM, Marseille; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (S.T.), CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon; Centre Expert Parkinson (S.T.), Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Department of Neurosurgery (P.M.), University Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon; Department of Neurology (J.-L.H.), INSERM-1402, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, University of Poitiers, France; and Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (L.T.), Marburg Campus, Germany. g.deuschl@neurologie.uni-kiel.de.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Procédures de chirurgie opératoire › Stimulation cérébrale profonde › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Caractéristiques des études épidémiologiques › Études épidémiologiques › Études de cohortes › Études de suivi › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système nerveux › Maladies neurodégénératives › Maladie de Parkinson › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...
questionsmedicales.fr › Diagnostic › Pronostic › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Mesures épidémiologiques › Démographie › État de santé › Qualité de vie › Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain...