Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts Varies According to Sex and Weight Class.
brain concussion
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
combat sports
head injuries
traumatic brain injury
Journal
Sports health
ISSN: 1941-0921
Titre abrégé: Sports Health
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101518422
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
pubmed:
16
2
2019
medline:
6
6
2019
entrez:
16
2
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories. The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex. Descriptive epidemiology study. Level 3. Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories. The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class. Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA. The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Brain injury arising from head trauma is a major concern in mixed martial arts (MMA) because knockout (KO) and technical knockout (TKO) are frequent fight outcomes. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of matches ending due to strikes to the head but did not consider weight categories and female fights. This study aimed at analyzing match stoppages in MMA and the exposure to head trauma distinguished by sex and weight categories.
HYPOTHESIS
OBJECTIVE
The heavier the weight class, the greater the risk and incidence of head trauma will be, regardless of sex.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
Descriptive epidemiology study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
METHODS
Level 3.
METHODS
METHODS
Publicly available data of 167 MMA events from 1903 fights between 2014 and 2017 were assessed, comprising 8 male and 2 female weight categories.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The combined KO/TKO rates per 100 athlete-exposures in the middleweight (19.53), light heavyweight (20.8), and heavyweight (26.09) divisions were greater than previously reported for MMA. While stoppage via KO/TKO occurred in 7.9% of combats in the female strawweight division, it occurred in 52.1% of the male heavyweight fights. The male middleweight ( P = 0.001), light heavyweight ( P < 0.001), and heavyweight divisions ( P < 0.001) had an increased risk of KO/TKO due to strikes to the head by 80%, 100%, and 206%, respectively. The risk in the flyweight division decreased 62% ( P = 0.001). All categories were compared with the lightweight division. The female bantamweight category presented a 221% increased risk in matches ending due to KO/TKO compared with the strawweight division ( P = 0.012). Punches to the head were the major technique used to end a combat via KO/TKO, regardless of sex and weight class.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Head injury risk and incidence varies considerably according to sex and weight category in MMA.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of head trauma exposure in MMA athletes should be distinguished according to sex and weight category.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30768376
doi: 10.1177/1941738119827966
pmc: PMC6537320
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
280-285Références
J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Feb;18(1):194-6
pubmed: 14971990
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Feb;37(2):272-9
pubmed: 15692324
Br J Sports Med. 2006 Feb;40(2):169-72
pubmed: 16432006
Neurology. 2011 Apr 26;76(17):1456-62
pubmed: 21288984
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Winter;23(1):98-106
pubmed: 21304145
Res Sports Med. 2013;21(3):195-203
pubmed: 23777375
Am J Sports Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1352-8
pubmed: 24658345
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015 Sep;23(9):2536-9
pubmed: 24819180
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 18;9(6):e99870
pubmed: 24941067
Br J Sports Med. 2015 Aug;49(15):1007-11
pubmed: 25633832
Clin J Sport Med. 2016 Jul;26(4):332-4
pubmed: 26327287
Orthop J Sports Med. 2014 Jan 22;2(1):2325967113518492
pubmed: 26535267
Sports Health. 2017 Jan/Feb;9(1):64-69
pubmed: 27530614
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017 May/Jun;32(3):E38-E48
pubmed: 27603761
J Trauma Nurs. 2016 Sep-Oct;23(5):241-6
pubmed: 27618372
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec;50(23):1481-1484
pubmed: 27707744
Neuroimage Clin. 2017 Mar 21;14:708-718
pubmed: 28393012
Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(11):838-847
pubmed: 28446457
Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(12):969-977
pubmed: 28455362
Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Oct;55:73-80
pubmed: 28779598
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Oct;132(Pt A):39-54
pubmed: 29402530
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Oct;132(Pt A):3-8
pubmed: 29572188
Br J Sports Med. 2019 Mar;53(6):328-333
pubmed: 30049779