Dopamine neuronal protection in the mouse Substantia nigra by GHSR is independent of electric activity.
Dopamine neuron
GHSR
Mitochondrial dynamics
Mitofusin 2
Parkinson's
Journal
Molecular metabolism
ISSN: 2212-8778
Titre abrégé: Mol Metab
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101605730
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2019
06 2019
Historique:
received:
23
12
2018
revised:
15
02
2019
accepted:
16
02
2019
pubmed:
6
3
2019
medline:
16
4
2020
entrez:
6
3
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Dopamine neurons in the Substantia nigra (SN) play crucial roles in control of voluntary movement. Extensive degeneration of this neuronal population is the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many factors have been linked to SN DA neuronal survival, including neuronal pacemaker activity (responsible for maintaining basal firing and DA tone) and mitochondrial function. Dln-101, a naturally occurring splice variant of the human ghrelin gene, targets the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) present in the SN DA cells. Ghrelin activation of GHSR has been shown to protect SN DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. We decided to compare the actions of Dln-101 with ghrelin and identify the mechanisms associated with neuronal survival. Histologial, biochemical, and behavioral parameters were used to evaluate neuroprotection. Inflammation and redox balance of SN DA cells were evaluated using histologial and real-time PCR analysis. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) technology was used to modulate SN DA neuron electrical activity and associated survival. Mitochondrial dynamics in SN DA cells was evaluated using electron microscopy data. Here, we report that the human isoform displays an equivalent neuroprotective factor. However, while exogenous administration of mouse ghrelin electrically activates SN DA neurons increasing dopamine output, as well as locomotion, the human isoform significantly suppressed dopamine output, with an associated decrease in animal motor behavior. Investigating the mechanisms by which GHSR mediates neuroprotection, we found that dopamine cell-selective control of electrical activity is neither sufficient nor necessary to promote SN DA neuron survival, including that associated with GHSR activation. We found that Dln101 pre-treatment diminished MPTP-induced mitochondrial aberrations in SN DA neurons and that the effect of Dln101 to protect dopamine cells was dependent on mitofusin 2, a protein involved in the process of mitochondrial fusion and tethering of the mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, these observations unmasked a complex role of GHSR in dopamine neuronal protection independent on electric activity of these cells and revealed a crucial role for mitochondrial dynamics in some aspects of this process.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30833218
pii: S2212-8778(18)31256-0
doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.005
pmc: PMC6531791
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Ghrelin
0
Neuroprotective Agents
0
Peptide Fragments
0
Receptors, Ghrelin
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
120-138Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG048918
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001863
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R56 AG052986
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG052986
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P01 AG051459
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK111178
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG052005
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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