Antineoplastic agents exacerbate periodontal inflammation and aggravate experimental periodontitis.

This study evaluated the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CIS) in healthy periodontal tissues and in the early stages of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. One hundred and eighty male rats were divided into three groups, which were submitted to the following systemic treatments: physiological saline solution (PSS); CIS and 5FU. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: without (NEP) and with (EP) induction of EP. Animals were euthanized at 3, 5 and 7 days post-treatment. Histological, histometric (percentage of bone in the furcation [PBF]) and immunohistochemical (for tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analysed. CIS-NEP and 5FU-NEP showed more inflammation than PSS-NEP at 3, 5 and 7 days. CIS-EP and 5FU-EP showed more inflammation and lower PBF than PSS-EP at all periods of evaluation. 5FU-EP showed lower PBF than CIS-EP at 5 and 7 days. 5-FU and CIS exacerbated periodontal inflammation and aggravated the progression of EP in its early stages.

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