Endothelins in cardiovascular biology and therapeutics.
Journal
Nature reviews. Cardiology
ISSN: 1759-5010
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Cardiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101500075
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2019
08 2019
Historique:
pubmed:
15
3
2019
medline:
24
1
2020
entrez:
15
3
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cardiovascular disease is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality and is the common end point of many chronic diseases. The endothelins comprise three structurally similar peptides of 21 amino acids in length. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) and ET-2 activate two G protein-coupled receptors - endothelin receptor type A (ET
Identifiants
pubmed: 30867577
doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0176-3
pii: 10.1038/s41569-019-0176-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
0
Biological Products
0
Cardiovascular Agents
0
Endothelins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
491-502Références
Hickey, K. A., Rubanyi, G., Paul, R. J. & Highsmith, R. F. Characterization of a coronary vasoconstrictor produced by cultured endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 248, C550–C556 (1985).
pubmed: 3993773
doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1985.248.5.C550
Yanagisawa, M. et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 332, 411–415 (1988).
pubmed: 2451132
doi: 10.1038/332411a0
Haynes, W. G. & Webb, D. J. Contribution of endogenous generation of endothelin-1 to basal vascular tone. Lancet 344, 852–854 (1994).
pubmed: 7916401
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92827-4
Haynes, W. G. et al. Systemic endothelin receptor blockade decreases peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure in humans. Circulation 93, 1860–1870 (1996).
pubmed: 8635265
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.10.1860
MacIntyre, I. M. et al. Greater functional ETB receptor antagonism with bosentan than sitaxsentan in healthy men. Hypertension 55, 1406–1411 (2010).
pubmed: 20404221
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.148569
Davenport, P. et al. Endothelin. Pharmacol. Rev. 68, 357–418 (2016).
pubmed: 26956245
pmcid: 4815360
doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011833
Ge, Y. et al. Collecting duct-specific knockout of the endothelin B receptor causes hypertension and sodium retention. Am. J. Physiol. 291, F1274–F1280 (2006).
Gupta, R. M. et al. A genetic variant associated with five vascular diseases is a distal regulator of endothelin-1 gene expression. Cell 170, 522–533 (2017).
pubmed: 28753427
pmcid: 5785707
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.049
Boss, C., Bolli, M. H. & Gatfield, J. From bosentan (Tracleer(R)) to macitentan (Opsumit(R)): The medicinal chemistry perspective. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 26, 3381–3394 (2016).
pubmed: 27321813
doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.014
Wei, A. et al. Clinical adverse effects of endothelin receptor antagonists: insights from the meta-analysis of 4894 patients from 24 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 5, e003896 (2016).
pubmed: 27912207
pmcid: 5210319
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003896
Lariviere, R., Day, R. & Schiffrin, E. L. Increased expression of endothelin-1 gene in blood vessels of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Hypertension 21, 916–920 (1993).
pubmed: 8505101
doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.21.6.916
Li, J. S., Lariviere, R. & Schiffrin, E. L. Effect of a nonselective endothelin antagonist on vascular remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Evidence for a role of endothelin in vascular hypertrophy. Hypertension 24, 183–188 (1994).
pubmed: 8039842
doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.24.2.183
GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 390, 1345–1422 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Krum, H., Viskoper, R. J., Lacourciere, Y., Budde, M. & Charlon, V. The effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, bosentan, on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 784–790 (1998).
pubmed: 9504938
doi: 10.1056/NEJM199803193381202
Nakov, R., Pfarr, E. & Eberle, S. Darusentan: an effective endothelinA receptor antagonist for treatment of hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 15, 583–589 (2002).
pubmed: 12118903
doi: 10.1016/S0895-7061(02)02933-3
Calhoun, D. A. et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 51, 1403–1419 (2008).
pubmed: 18391085
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.189141
Schiffrin, E. L., Deng, L. Y., Sventek, P. & Day, R. Enhanced expression of endothelin-1 gene in resistance arteries in severe human essential hypertension. J. Hypertens. 15, 57–63 (1997).
pubmed: 9050971
doi: 10.1097/00004872-199715010-00005
Weber, M. A. et al. A selective endothelin-receptor antagonist to reduce blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 374, 1423–1431 (2009).
pubmed: 19748665
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61500-2
Bakris, G. L. et al. Divergent results using clinic and ambulatory blood pressures: report of a darusentan-resistant hypertension trial. Hypertension 56, 824–830 (2010).
pubmed: 20921430
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.156976
Webb, D. J. DORADO: opportunity postponed: lessons from studies of endothelin receptor antagonists in treatment-resistant hypertension. Hypertension 56, 806–807 (2010).
pubmed: 20921424
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160952
Williams, B. et al. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet 386, 2059–2068 (2015).
pubmed: 26414968
pmcid: 4655321
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00257-3
Iglarz, M. et al. Pharmacology of macitentan, an orally active tissue-targeting dual endothelin receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 327, 736–745 (2008).
pubmed: 18780830
doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.142976
Idorsia. Drug discovery & clinical development. idorsia https://www.idorsia.com/documents/com/fact-sheets-presentations/fs-clinical-development.pdf (2019).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02603809 (2019).
Nelson, J. B. et al. Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study of zibotentan (ZD4054) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Cancer 118, 5709–5718 (2012).
pubmed: 22786751
doi: 10.1002/cncr.27674
Vercauteren, M. et al. Endothelin ETA receptor blockade, by activating ETB receptors, increases vascular permeability and induces exaggerated fluid retention. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 361, 322–333 (2017).
pubmed: 28223322
doi: 10.1124/jpet.116.234930
Sakai, S. et al. Endogenous endothelin-1 participates in the maintenance of cardiac function in rats with congestive heart failure. Marked increase in endothelin-1 production in the failing heart. Circulation 93, 1214–1222 (1996).
pubmed: 8653844
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.93.6.1214
Sakai, S. et al. Inhibition of myocardial endothelin pathway improves long-term survival in heart failure. Nature 384, 353–355 (1996).
pubmed: 8934519
doi: 10.1038/384353a0
Gray, G. A. & Webb, D. J. The endothelin system and its potential as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol. Ther. 72, 109–148 (1996).
pubmed: 8981573
doi: 10.1016/S0163-7258(96)00101-5
Kiowski, W. et al. Evidence for endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction in severe chronic heart failure. Lancet 346, 732–736 (1995).
pubmed: 7658874
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91504-4
Cowburn, P. J. et al. Short-term haemodynamic effects of BQ-123, a selective endothelin ET
pubmed: 9683214
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)77807-7
Kelland, N. F. & Webb, D. J. Clinical trials of endothelin antagonists in heart failure: publication is good for the public health. Heart 93, 2–4 (2007).
pubmed: 17170334
pmcid: 1861328
doi: 10.1136/hrt.2006.089250
Battistini, B., Berthiaume, N., Kelland, N. F., Webb, D. J. & Kohan, D. E. Profile of past and current clinical trials involving endothelin receptor antagonists: the novel “-sentan” class of drugs. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 231, 653–695 (2006).
Anand, I. et al. Long-term effects of darusentan on left-ventricular remodelling and clinical outcomes in the Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist Trial in Heart Failure (EARTH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364, 327–354 (2004).
pubmed: 15276384
Kaluski, E. et al. Clinical and hemodynamic effects of bosentan dose optimization in symptomatic heart failure patients with severe systolic dysfunction, associated with secondary pulmonary hypertension – a multi-center randomized study. Cardiology 109, 273–280 (2008).
pubmed: 17873492
doi: 10.1159/000107791
Zile, M. R. et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sitaxsentan to improve impaired exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2, 123–130 (2014).
pubmed: 24720918
doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.12.002
Teerlink, J. R. in Acute Heart Failure (eds Mebazaa, A., Gheorghiade, M., Zannad, F. M. & Parrillo, J. E.) 626–638 (Springer, 2008).
O’Connor, C. M. et al. Tezosentan in patients with acute heart failure and acute coronary syndromes: results of the Randomized Intravenous TeZosentan Study (RITZ-4). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1452–1457 (2003).
Kaluski, E. et al. RITZ-5: randomized intravenous TeZosentan (an endothelin-A/B antagonist) for the treatment of pulmonary edema: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 204–210 (2003).
pubmed: 12535809
doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02708-0
McMurray, J. J. et al. Effects of tezosentan on symptoms and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: the VERITAS randomized controlled trials. JAMA 298, 2009–2019 (2007).
pubmed: 17986694
doi: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2009
Vaduganathan, M., Greene, S. J., Ambrosy, A. P., Gheorghiade, M. & Butler, J. The disconnect between phase II and phase III trials of drugs for heart failure. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 10, 85–97 (2013).
pubmed: 23296069
doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.181
Kelland, N. F. & Webb, D. J. Clinical trials of endothelin antagonists in heart failure: a question of dose? Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 231, 696–699 (2006).
D’Alonzo, G. E. et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann. Intern. Med. 115, 343–349 (1991).
pubmed: 1863023
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-115-5-343
Motte, S., McEntee, K. & Naeije, R. Endothelin receptor antagonists. Pharmacol. Ther. 110, 386–414 (2006).
pubmed: 16219361
doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.012
Dupuis, J., Stewart, D. J., Cernacek, P. & Gosselin, G. Human pulmonary circulation is an important site for both clearance and production of endothelin-1. Circulation 94, 1278–1284 (1996).
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.94.7.1578
Dupuis, J., Moe, G. W. & Cernacek, P. Reduced pulmonary metabolism of endothelin-1 in canine tachycardia-induced heart failure. Cardiovasc. Res. 39, 609–616 (1998).
pubmed: 9861303
doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00172-2
Rubin, L. J. et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 896–903 (2002).
pubmed: 11907289
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012212
Ivy, D. et al. Endothelin B receptor deficiency potentiates ET-1 and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am. J. Physiol. 280, L1040–L1048 (2001).
Muramatsu, M. et al. Chronic hypoxia augments endothelin-B receptor-mediated vasodilation in isolated perfused rat lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 276, L358–L364 (1999).
pubmed: 9950899
Ivy, D. D., Parker, T. A. & Abman, S. H. Prolonged endothelin B receptor blockade causes pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus. Am. J. Physiol. 279, L758–L765 (2000).
Eddahibi, S., Raffestin, B., Clozel, M., Levame, M. & Adnot, S. Protection from pulmonary hypertension with an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist in hypoxic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 268, H828–H835 (1995).
pubmed: 7864210
Sato, K. et al. Effects of separate and combined ETA and ETB blockade on ET-1-induced constriction in perfused rat lungs. Am. J. Physiol. 269, L668–L672 (1995).
pubmed: 7491987
Galie, N. et al. Initial use of ambrisentan plus tadalafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 834–844 (2015).
pubmed: 26308684
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1413687
Thenappan, T., Ormiston, M. L., Ryan, J. J. & Archer, S. L. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: pathogenesis and clinical management. BMJ 360, j5492 (2018).
pubmed: 29540357
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5492
pmcid: 6889979
Galie, N. et al. Treatment of patients with mildly symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension with bosentan (EARLY study): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371, 2093–2100 (2008).
pubmed: 18572079
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60919-8
Pulido, T. et al. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 809–818 (2013).
pubmed: 23984728
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1213917
Galie, N. et al. Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2. Circulation 117, 3010–3019 (2008).
pubmed: 18506008
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.742510
Hocher, B. et al. Pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung inflammation in ET-1 transgenic mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23, 19–26 (2000).
pubmed: 10873149
doi: 10.1165/ajrcmb.23.1.4030
Davie, N. et al. ET(A) and ET(B) receptors modulate the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165, 398–405 (2002).
pubmed: 11818328
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.3.2104059
Nishida, M. et al. Role of endothelin ETB receptor in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 496, 159–165 (2004).
pubmed: 15359489
doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.028
Nishida, M., Eshiro, K., Okada, Y., Takaoka, M. & Matsumura, Y. Roles of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 44, 187–191 (2004).
pubmed: 15243299
doi: 10.1097/00005344-200408000-00007
de Zeeuw, D. et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int. 65, 2309–2320 (2004).
pubmed: 15149345
doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00653.x
Dhaun, N. et al. Blood pressure-independent reduction in proteinuria and arterial stiffness after acute endothelin-a receptor antagonism in chronic kidney disease. Hypertension 54, 113–119 (2009).
pubmed: 19506099
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132670
Dhaun, N. et al. Selective endothelin-A receptor antagonism reduces proteinuria, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in chronic proteinuric kidney disease. Hypertension 57, 772–779 (2011).
pubmed: 21357275
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.167486
Dhaun, N. et al. Endothelin-A receptor antagonism modifies cardiovascular risk factors in CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24, 31–36 (2013).
pubmed: 23243212
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012040355
Wenzel, R. R. et al. Avosentan reduces albumin excretion in diabetics with macroalbuminuria. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 60, 655–664 (2009).
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008050482
Kohan, D. E. et al. Addition of atrasentan to renin-angiotensin system blockade reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22, 763–772 (2011).
pubmed: 21372210
pmcid: 3065231
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010080869
Dhaun, N. et al. Haemodynamic and renal effects of endothelin receptor antagonism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 22, 3228–3234 (2007).
pubmed: 17556408
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm364
de Zeeuw, D. et al. The endothelin antagonist atrasentan lowers residual albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 25, 1083–1093 (2014).
pubmed: 24722445
pmcid: 4005314
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013080830
Czopek, A., Moorhouse, R., Webb, D. J. & Dhaun, N. Therapeutic potential of endothelin receptor antagonism in kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol. 310, R388–R397 (2016).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01858532 (2018).
Neuen, B. L. et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline kidney function. Circulation 138, 1537–1550 (2018).
pubmed: 29941478
pmcid: 6181277
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035901
Trachtman, H. et al. DUET: a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in patients with FSGS. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 2745–2754 (2018).
pubmed: 30361325
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2018010091
pmcid: 6218860
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03493685 (2018).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03762850 (2019).
Parvanova, A. et al. Effect on blood pressure of combined inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase with daglutril in patients with type 2 diabetes who have albuminuria: a randomised, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 1, 19–27 (2013).
pubmed: 24622263
doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70029-9
Ferro, C. J., Spratt, J. C., Haynes, W. G. & Webb, D. J. Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase causes vasoconstriction of human resistance vessels in vivo. Circulation 97, 2323–2330 (1998).
pubmed: 9639376
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.23.2323
Hsu, C. Y. Where is the epidemic in kidney disease? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 21, 1607–1611 (2010).
pubmed: 20813868
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010050546
Lameire, N. H. et al. Acute kidney injury: an increasing global concern. Lancet 382, 170–179 (2013).
pubmed: 23727171
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60647-9
Odutayo, A. et al. AKI and long-term risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 28, 377–387 (2017).
pubmed: 27297949
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016010105
Wald, R. et al. Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. JAMA 302, 1179–1185 (2009).
pubmed: 19755696
doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1322
Dhaun, N., Goddard, J. & Webb, D. J. The endothelin system and its antagonism in chronic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 943–955 (2006).
pubmed: 16540557
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2005121256
Wilhelm, S. M., Simonson, M. S., Robinson, A. V., Stowe, N. T. & Schulak, J. A. Endothelin up-regulation and localization following renal ischemia and reperfusion. Kidney Int. 55, 1011–1018 (1999).
pubmed: 10027938
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.0550031011.x
Zager, R. A., Johnson, A. C., Andress, D. & Becker, K. Progressive endothelin-1 gene activation initiates chronic/end-stage renal disease following experimental ischemic/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int. 84, 703–712 (2013).
pubmed: 23698233
pmcid: 3788861
doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.157
Gellai, M., Jugus, M., Fletcher, T., DeWolf, R. & Nambi, P. Reversal of postischemic acute renal failure with a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 93, 900–906 (1994).
pubmed: 8113422
pmcid: 293964
doi: 10.1172/JCI117046
Huang, C. et al. The effect of endothelin antagonists on renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the development of acute renal failure in the rat. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17, 1578–1585 (2002).
pubmed: 12198208
doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.9.1578
Forbes, J. M., Leaker, B., Hewitson, T. D., Becker, G. J. & Jones, C. L. Macrophage and myofibroblast involvement in ischemic acute renal failure is attenuated by endothelin receptor antagonists. Kidney Int. 55, 198–208 (1999).
pubmed: 9893128
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00253.x
Barrera-Chimal, J. et al. Sulfenic acid modification of endothelin B receptor is responsible for the benefit of a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in renal ischemia. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 27, 398–404 (2016).
pubmed: 26361797
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014121216
de Jager, D. J. et al. Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality among patients starting dialysis. JAMA 302, 1782–1789 (2009).
pubmed: 19861670
doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1488
Totsune, K. et al. Detection of immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of hemodialysis patients. FEBS Lett. 249, 239–242 (1989).
pubmed: 2661264
doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80631-3
Lariviere, R. et al. Endothelin type A receptor blockade reduces vascular calcification and inflammation in rats with chronic kidney disease. J. Hypertens. 35, 376–384 (2017).
pubmed: 28005706
doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001161
Briet, M., Boutouyrie, P., Laurent, S. & London, G. M. Arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in CKD and ESRD. Kidney Int. 82, 388–400 (2012).
pubmed: 22534962
doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.131
Fuquay, R. et al. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury amplifies the humoral immune response. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24, 1063–1072 (2013).
pubmed: 23641055
pmcid: 3699821
doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012060560
Raina, A., Horn, E. T. & Benza, R. L. The pathophysiology of endothelin in complications after solid organ transplantation: a potential novel therapeutic role for endothelin receptor antagonists. Transplantation 94, 885–893 (2012).
pubmed: 23037008
doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31825f0fbe
Penn, H. et al. Scleroderma renal crisis: patient characteristics and long-term outcomes. QJM 100, 485–494 (2007).
pubmed: 17601770
doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm052
Denton, C. P. Renal manifestations of systemic sclerosis — clinical features and outcome assessment. Rheumatology 47 (Suppl. 5), v54–v56 (2008).
pubmed: 18784147
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken307
Abraham, D. J. et al. Increased levels of endothelin-1 and differential endothelin type A and B receptor expression in scleroderma-associated fibrotic lung disease. Am. J. Pathol. 151, 831–841 (1997).
pubmed: 9284832
pmcid: 1857854
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02047708 (2017).
Morris, C. D. et al. Specific inhibition of the endothelin A receptor with ZD4054: clinical and pre-clinical evidence. Br. J. Cancer 92, 2148–2152 (2005).
pubmed: 15956965
pmcid: 2361809
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602676
Andresen, J., Shafi, N. I. & Bryan, R. M. Jr. Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone. J. Appl. Physiol. 100, 318–327 (2006).
pubmed: 16357085
doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00937.2005
Matsuo, Y., Mihara, S., Ninomiya, M. & Fujimoto, M. Protective effect of endothelin type A receptor antagonist on brain edema and injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 32, 2143–2148 (2001).
pubmed: 11546909
doi: 10.1161/hs0901.94259
Petrov, T. & Rafols, J. A. Acute alterations of endothelin-1 and iNOS expression and control of the brain microcirculation after head trauma. Neurol. Res. 23, 139–143 (2001).
pubmed: 11320592
doi: 10.1179/016164101101198479
Chow, M., Dumont, A. S. & Kassell, N. F. Endothelin receptor antagonists and cerebral vasospasm: an update. Neurosurgery 51, 1333–1341 (2002).
pubmed: 12445337
doi: 10.1097/00006123-200212000-00002
Macdonald, R. L., Pluta, R. M. & Zhang, J. H. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the emerging revolution. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 3, 256–263 (2007).
pubmed: 17479073
doi: 10.1038/ncpneuro0490
Vergouwen, M. D., Algra, A. & Rinkel, G. J. Endothelin receptor antagonists for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Stroke 43, 2671–2676 (2012).
pubmed: 22871682
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.666693
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02560532 (2018).
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03585270 (2019).
Saleh, L., Danser, J. A. & van den Meiracker, A. H. Role of endothelin in preeclampsia and hypertension following antiangiogenesis treatment. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 25, 94–99 (2016).
pubmed: 26717314
doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000197
Lankhorst, S., Kappers, M. H., van Esch, J. H., Danser, A. H. & van den Meiracker, A. H. Mechanism of hypertension and proteinuria during angiogenesis inhibition: evolving role of endothelin-1. J. Hypertens. 31, 444–454 (2013).
pubmed: 23221987
doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835c1d1b
Eremina, V. et al. VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1129–1136 (2008).
pubmed: 18337603
pmcid: 3030578
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707330
Kappers, M. H. et al. Hypertension induced by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is associated with increased circulating endothelin-1 levels. Hypertension 56, 675–681 (2010).
pubmed: 20733093
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.149690
de Jesus-Gonzalez, N. et al. Regorafenib induces rapid and reversible changes in plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1. Am. J. Hypertens. 25, 1118–1123 (2012).
pubmed: 22785409
doi: 10.1038/ajh.2012.97
Verdonk, K. et al. Association studies suggest a key role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and the accompanying renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system suppression. Hypertension 65, 1316–1323 (2015).
pubmed: 25870197
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05267
Zhou, J. et al. Gestational hypoxia induces preeclampsia-like symptoms via heightened endothelin-1 signaling in pregnant rats. Hypertension 62, 599–607 (2013).
pubmed: 23817493
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01449
Murphy, S. R., LaMarca, B. B., Cockrell, K. & Granger, J. P. Role of endothelin in mediating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. Hypertension 55, 394–398 (2010).
pubmed: 20026766
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.141473
Alexander, B. T. et al. Endothelin type A receptor blockade attenuates the hypertension in response to chronic reductions in uterine perfusion pressure. Hypertension 37, 485–489 (2001).
pubmed: 11230323
doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.37.2.485
Lankhorst, S. et al. Treatment of hypertension and renal injury induced by the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: preclinical study. Hypertension 64, 1282–1289 (2014).
pubmed: 25185126
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04187
Kappers, M. H. et al. Sunitinib-induced systemic vasoconstriction in swine is endothelin mediated and does not involve nitric oxide or oxidative stress. Hypertension 59, 151–157 (2012).
pubmed: 22124432
doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.182220
Rosano, L., Spinella, F. & Bagnato, A. Endothelin 1 in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Nat. Rev. Cancer 13, 637–651 (2013).
pubmed: 23884378
doi: 10.1038/nrc3546
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03557190 (2018).
Bushnell, C. et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45, 1545–1588 (2014).
pubmed: 24503673
doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000442009.06663.48
US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02712346 (2019).