Rapid Disappearance of Poliovirus Type 2 (PV2) Immunity in Young Children Following Withdrawal of Oral PV2-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam.
Antibodies, Neutralizing
/ immunology
Antibodies, Viral
/ immunology
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Disease Outbreaks
/ prevention & control
Female
Humans
Infant
Male
Poliomyelitis
/ immunology
Poliovirus
/ immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
/ immunology
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
/ immunology
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Vaccination
/ methods
Vietnam
Vietnam
eradication
poliomyelitis
vaccination
Journal
The Journal of infectious diseases
ISSN: 1537-6613
Titre abrégé: J Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0413675
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 07 2019
02 07 2019
Historique:
received:
14
02
2019
accepted:
13
03
2019
pubmed:
15
3
2019
medline:
23
2
2020
entrez:
15
3
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Due to global shortage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and withdrawal of oral vaccine containing poliovirus type 2 (PV2), a PV2-containing vaccine was not used in Vietnam May 2016 to October 2018. We assessed the population immunity gap to PV2. A cross-sectional survey in children aged 1-18 months was carried out in January 2018. One blood sample per child was analyzed for presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. In children with detectable anti-PV2 antibodies, a second sample was analyzed 4 months later to distinguish between passive (maternally derived) and active (induced by secondary transmission or vaccination) immunity. Sera were obtained from 1106/1110 children. Seroprevalence of PV2 antibodies was 87/368 (23.6%) at age 1-7 months, 27/471 (5.7%) at 8-15 months, and 19/267 (7.1%) at 16-18 months. Seroprevalence declined with age in the 1-7 months group; in the 8-18 months group there was no significant change with age. Four months later, 11/87 (14%), 9/27 (32%), and 12/19 (37%) remained seropositive in 1-7, 8-15, and 16-18 months age groups, respectively. We found declining immunity to PV2, suggesting Vietnam is at risk for an outbreak of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus following virus importation or new emergence.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Due to global shortage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and withdrawal of oral vaccine containing poliovirus type 2 (PV2), a PV2-containing vaccine was not used in Vietnam May 2016 to October 2018. We assessed the population immunity gap to PV2.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey in children aged 1-18 months was carried out in January 2018. One blood sample per child was analyzed for presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. In children with detectable anti-PV2 antibodies, a second sample was analyzed 4 months later to distinguish between passive (maternally derived) and active (induced by secondary transmission or vaccination) immunity.
RESULTS
Sera were obtained from 1106/1110 children. Seroprevalence of PV2 antibodies was 87/368 (23.6%) at age 1-7 months, 27/471 (5.7%) at 8-15 months, and 19/267 (7.1%) at 16-18 months. Seroprevalence declined with age in the 1-7 months group; in the 8-18 months group there was no significant change with age. Four months later, 11/87 (14%), 9/27 (32%), and 12/19 (37%) remained seropositive in 1-7, 8-15, and 16-18 months age groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We found declining immunity to PV2, suggesting Vietnam is at risk for an outbreak of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus following virus importation or new emergence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30869149
pii: 5380634
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz124
pmc: PMC9069936
mid: NIHMS1798458
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
0
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
386-391Subventions
Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International
Organisme : Intramural CDC HHS
ID : CC999999
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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