Radiation: a poly-traumatic hit leading to multi-organ injury.
AKT
Acute GI death
Acute hematopoietic syndrome
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Brain injury
DNA damage
Free radical
Hemorrhage
MAPK
NF-IL6
NF-kB
PARP
Radiation injury
STAT3
iNOS
Journal
Cell & bioscience
ISSN: 2045-3701
Titre abrégé: Cell Biosci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101561195
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
16
01
2019
accepted:
27
02
2019
entrez:
27
3
2019
pubmed:
27
3
2019
medline:
27
3
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The range of radiation threats we face today includes everything from individual radiation exposures to mass casualties resulting from a terrorist incident, and many of these exposure scenarios include the likelihood of additional traumatic injury as well. Radiation injury is defined as an ionizing radiation exposure inducing a series of organ injury within a specified time. Severity of organ injury depends on the radiation dose and the duration of radiation exposure. Organs and cells with high sensitivity to radiation injury are the skin, the hematopoietic system, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, spermatogenic cells, and the vascular system. In general, acute radiation syndrome (ARS) includes DNA double strand breaks (DSB), hematopoietic syndrome (bone marrow cells and circulatory cells depletion), cutaneous injury, GI death, brain hemorrhage, and splenomegaly within 30 days after radiation exposure. Radiation injury sensitizes target organs and cells resulting in ARS. Among its many effects on tissue integrity at various levels, radiation exposure results in activation of the iNOS/NF-kB/NF-IL6 and p53/Bax pathways; and increases DNA single and double strand breaks, TLR signaling, cytokine concentrations, bacterial infection, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and possible PARP-dependent NAD and ATP-pool depletion. These alterations lead to apoptosis and autophagy and, as a result, increased mortality. In this review, we summarize what is known about how radiation exposure leads to the radiation response with time. We also describe current and prospective countermeasures relevant to the treatment and prevention of radiation injury.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30911370
doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0286-y
pii: 286
pmc: PMC6417034
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
25Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : Y01 AI005045
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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