Does synaesthesia protect against age-related memory loss?
aging/ageing
brain reserve
cognitive reserve
memory
synaesthesia/synesthesia
Journal
Journal of neuropsychology
ISSN: 1748-6653
Titre abrégé: J Neuropsychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101468753
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2020
06 2020
Historique:
received:
13
06
2018
revised:
01
03
2019
pubmed:
31
3
2019
medline:
7
7
2021
entrez:
31
3
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Synaesthesia is known to be linked to enhanced episodic memory abilities, across a variety of stimuli and tests, but the evidence has tended to come from younger adults. This enhanced cognitive ability in early adult life, together with the known brain-related differences linked to synaesthesia (e.g., in both grey and white matter structure), makes it an ideal candidate for exploring the notion of 'reserve'. That is, synaesthetes may be able to utilize additional cognitive and/or neural resources to mitigate against the effects of age-related decline. This was explored in a 2 × 2 design contrasting age (young, old) against the presence/absence of synaesthesia in two different studies: recognition memory for digits, snowflakes, and music; and visual associative learning. Synaesthesia and age had independent, non-interacting, effects on memory ability suggesting that, while synaesthetes show a memory advantage and maintain this advantage in later life, the presence of synaesthesia is not able to act as a reserve to protect against the effects of ageing. On our tasks, the benefit of having synaesthesia (enhancing memory) was of a similar magnitude to the effects of age (impairing memory); in other words, elderly synaesthetes present with 'youthful' memory abilities. It is important for future research on elderly cohorts to consider the presence of synaesthesia as an individual difference.
Types de publication
Editorial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
197-212Informations de copyright
© 2019 The British Psychological Society.
Références
Asher, J. E., Lamb, J. A., Brocklebank, D., Cazier, J. B., Maestrini, E., Addis, L., … Monaco, A. P. (2009). A whole-genome scan and fine-mapping linkage study of auditory-visual synesthesia reveals evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q24, 5q33, 6p12, and 12p12. American Journal of Human Genetics, 84(2), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.012
Barulli, D., & Stern, Y. (2013). Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: Emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 502-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012
Buckner, R. L. (2004). Memory and executive function in aging and AD: Multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate. Neuron, 44, 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.006
Dienes, Z. (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781"> https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781
Duncan, J. (2010). The multiple-demand (MD) system of the primate brain: Mental programs for intelligent behaviour. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.004
Eagleman, D. M., Kagan, A. D., Nelson, S. S., Sagaram, D., & Sarma, A. K. (2007). A standardized test battery for the study of synesthesia. Journal of neuroscience methods, 159, 139-145.
Ecker, U. K. H., Maybery, M., & Zimmer, H. D. (2013). Binding of intrinsic and extrinsic features in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(1), 218-234. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028732
Finkel, D., Reynolds, C. A., McArdle, J. J., & Pedersen, N. L. (2005). The longitudinal relationship between processing speed and cognitive ability: Genetic and environmental influences. Behavior Genetics, 35(5), 535-549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-005-3281-5
Garrett, D. D., Grady, C. L., & Hasher, L. (2010). Everyday memory compensation: The impact of cognitive reserve, subjective memory, and stress. Psychology and Aging, 25(1), 74-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017726
Hall, C. B., Derby, C., LeValley, A., Katz, M. J., Verghese, J., & Lipton, R. B. (2007). Education delays accelerated decline on a memory test in persons who develop dementia. Neurology, 69(17), 1657-1664. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000278163.82636.30
Hultsch, D. F., Hertzog, C., Small, B. J., & Dixon, R. A. (1999). Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging? Psychology and Aging, 14(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.14.2.245
Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of probability (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences. Oxford Univ. Press.
Macmillan, N., & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: A user's guide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Maguire, E. A., Valentine, E. R., Wilding, J. M., & Kapur, N. (2003). Routes to remembering: The brains behind superior memory. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn988
Marchant, N. L., King, S. L., Tabet, N., & Rusted, J. M. (2010). Positive effects of cholinergic stimulation favor young APOE epsilon 4 carriers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, 1090-1096. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.214
Meier, B., Rothen, N., & Walter, S. (2014). Developmental aspects of synaesthesia across the adult lifespan. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00129
Nyberg, L., Lovden, M., Riklund, K., Lindenberger, U., & Backman, L. (2012). Memory aging and brain maintenance. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.005
Persson, J., Pudas, S., Lind, J., Kauppi, K., Nilsson, L.-G., & Nyberg, L. (2012). Longitudinal structure-function correlates in elderly reveal MTL dysfunction with cognitive decline. Cerebral Cortex, 22, 2297-2304. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhr306
Pritchard, J., Rothen, N., Coolbear, D., & Ward, J. (2013). Enhanced associative memory for colour (but not shape or location) in synaesthesia. Cognition, 127(2), 230-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.012
Ronnlund, M., Nyberg, L., Backman, L., & Nilsson, L. G. (2005). Stability, growth, and decline in adult life span development of declarative memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a population-based study. Psychology and Aging, 20(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.3
Rothen, N., & Meier, B. (2010). Grapheme-colour synaesthesia yields an ordinary rather than extraordinary memory advantage: Evidence from a group study. Memory, 18(3), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903527308
Rothen, N., Meier, B., & Ward, J. (2012). Enhanced memory: Insights from synaesthesia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 36, 1952-1963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.05.004
Rothen, N., Seth, A. K., Witzel, C., & Ward, J. (2013). Diagnosing synaesthesia with online colour pickers: maximising sensitivity and specificity. Journal of neuroscience methods, 215(1), 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.02.009"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.02.009
Rouw, R., & Scholte, H. S. (2007). Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 792-797. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1906
Rouw, R., & Scholte, H. S. (2010). Neural basis of individual differences in synesthetic experiences. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 6205-6213. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3444-09.2010
Satz, P. (1993). Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory. Neuropsychology, 7, 273-295. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.7.3.273
Simner, J., Glover, L., & Mowat, A. (2006). Linguistic determinants of word colouring in grapheme-colour synaesthesia. Cortex, 42, 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70353-8
Simner, J., Harrold, J., Creed, H., Monro, L., & Foulkes, L. (2009). Early detection markers for synaesthesia in childhood populations. Brain, 132, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn292
Simner, J., Ipser, A., Smees, R., & Alvarez, J. (2017). Does synaesthesia age? Changes in the quality and consistency of synaesthetic associations. Neuropsychologia, 106, 407-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.013
Simner, J., Mulvenna, C., Sagiv, N., Tsakanikos, E., Witherby, S. A., Fraser, C., … Ward, J. (2006). Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences. Perception, 35, 1024-1033. https://doi.org/10.1068/p5469
Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2015-2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004
Ward, J. (2013). Synesthesia. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 49-75. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143840
Ward, J., Hovard, P., Jones, A., & Rothen, N. (2013). Enhanced recognition memory in grapheme-color synaesthesia for different categories of visual stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 762. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00762
Weiss, P. H., & Fink, G. R. (2009). Grapheme-colour synaesthetes show increased grey matter volumes of parietal and fusiform cortex. Brain, 132, 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn304
Wiens, S. (2017). Aladins bayes factor in R. figshare https://doi.org/10.17045/sthlmuni.4981154