Early childhood exposure to non-violent discipline and physical and psychological aggression in low- and middle-income countries: National, regional, and global prevalence estimates.
Adolescent
Adverse Childhood Experiences
/ statistics & numerical data
Africa South of the Sahara
Aggression
/ physiology
Asia
Caregivers
Child
Child Development
Child, Preschool
Developing Countries
Female
Humans
Male
Physical Abuse
/ psychology
Poverty
/ psychology
Prevalence
Punishment
/ psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Child discipline
Low- and middle-income countries
Non-violent discipline
Physical punishment
Predictive modeling
Psychological aggression
Journal
Child abuse & neglect
ISSN: 1873-7757
Titre abrégé: Child Abuse Negl
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7801702
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2019
06 2019
Historique:
received:
05
09
2018
revised:
15
03
2019
accepted:
23
03
2019
pubmed:
3
4
2019
medline:
17
6
2020
entrez:
3
4
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Advocates for children's rights have recommended the elimination of all forms of violent discipline given its detrimental effects on children's development. Yet, little is known about the global prevalence of various forms of discipline, including physical and psychological aggression, as well as alternative forms of non-violent discipline, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to obtain national, regional, and global prevalence estimates of the percentage and number of 2- to- 4-y-olds in LMICs exposed to these disciplinary practices by their caregivers. We use data collected between 2010 and 2016 from 107,063 2- to- 4-y-old children living in 49 LMICs as part of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). Using the best-fitting model based on cross-validation techniques, we performed predictive modeling to generate country-level prevalence estimates for 131 LMICs in 2013, as well as 95% confidence intervals around these estimates. We estimate that 296.2 million 2- to- 4-y-olds (95% CI 256.9, 300.9) were exposed to non-violent discipline in 2013, which corresponds to 83.9% of the population. Furthermore, 220.4 million (95% CI 138.1, 283.7) and 230.7 million (95% CI 128.4, 300.6) children were exposed to aggressive physical and psychological discipline, respectively, which corresponds to prevalence of 62.5% and 65.4%. We also identify a high heterogeneity in the estimates across and within regions, finding a higher prevalence of both violent disciplinary methods in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest the need for new policies and programs to minimize violent discipline around the world.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Advocates for children's rights have recommended the elimination of all forms of violent discipline given its detrimental effects on children's development. Yet, little is known about the global prevalence of various forms of discipline, including physical and psychological aggression, as well as alternative forms of non-violent discipline, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to obtain national, regional, and global prevalence estimates of the percentage and number of 2- to- 4-y-olds in LMICs exposed to these disciplinary practices by their caregivers.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
We use data collected between 2010 and 2016 from 107,063 2- to- 4-y-old children living in 49 LMICs as part of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS).
METHODS
Using the best-fitting model based on cross-validation techniques, we performed predictive modeling to generate country-level prevalence estimates for 131 LMICs in 2013, as well as 95% confidence intervals around these estimates.
RESULTS
We estimate that 296.2 million 2- to- 4-y-olds (95% CI 256.9, 300.9) were exposed to non-violent discipline in 2013, which corresponds to 83.9% of the population. Furthermore, 220.4 million (95% CI 138.1, 283.7) and 230.7 million (95% CI 128.4, 300.6) children were exposed to aggressive physical and psychological discipline, respectively, which corresponds to prevalence of 62.5% and 65.4%. We also identify a high heterogeneity in the estimates across and within regions, finding a higher prevalence of both violent disciplinary methods in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest the need for new policies and programs to minimize violent discipline around the world.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30939376
pii: S0145-2134(19)30116-4
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.021
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
93-105Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.