Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.

Animals Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, X-Linked / genetics Genes, Y-Linked / genetics Gonadal Hormones / metabolism Male Mice Phenotype Sex Chromosomes / genetics Sex Determination Processes / physiology Sex Differentiation / genetics
Cell-autonomous Dosage compensation Sex chromosomes Sex determination Sex difference Sexual differentiation X chromosome Y chromosome

Journal

Current topics in developmental biology
ISSN: 1557-8933
Titre abrégé: Curr Top Dev Biol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0163114

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2019
Historique:
entrez: 20 4 2019
pubmed: 20 4 2019
medline: 28 5 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Evolution of genetic mechanisms of sex determination led to two processes causing sex differences in somatic phenotypes: gonadal differentiation and sex chromosome dosage inequality. In species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the sex of the individual is established at the time of formation of the zygote, leading to inherent sex differences in expression of sex chromosome genes beginning as soon as the embryonic transcriptome is activated. The inequality of sex chromosome gene expression causes sexual differentiation of the gonads and of non-gonadal tissues. The difference in gonad type in turn causes lifelong differences in gonadal hormones, which interact with unequal effects of X and Y genes acting within cells. Separating the effects of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes has been possible using mouse models in which gonadal determination is separated from the sex chromosomes, allowing comparison of XX and XY mice with the same type of gonad. Sex differences caused by gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes affect basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.003 PMID: 30999979 PMC: PMC7485614
pubmed: 30999979
pii: S0070-2153(19)30003-1
doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.003
pmc: PMC7485614
mid: NIHMS1626175
pii:
doi:

Substances chimiques

Gonadal Hormones 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

289-315

Subventions

Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD076125
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL131182
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R21 HD090637
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Auteurs

Arthur P Arnold (AP)

Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: arnold@ucla.edu.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Régulation de l'expression des gènes › Régulation de l'expression des gènes au cours du développement › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Modes de transmission héréditaire › Gènes liés au chromosome X › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Modes de transmission héréditaire › Gènes liés au chromosome Y › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Hormones gonadiques › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Rodentia › Muridae › Murinae › Souris › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Phénotype › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Structures génétiques › Chromosomes › Chromosomes sexuels › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques des appareils urinaire et reproducteur › Phénomènes physiologiques de la reproduction › Développement sexuel › Processus de détermination du sexe › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques des appareils urinaire et reproducteur › Phénomènes physiologiques de la reproduction › Développement sexuel › Différenciation sexuelle › Rethinking sex determination of non-gonadal tissues.