New insight into human sweet taste: a genome-wide association study of the perception and intake of sweet substances.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO
/ genetics
Child
Female
Food Preferences
Genome-Wide Association Study
Glucose
/ metabolism
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
/ genetics
Sucrose
/ metabolism
Sweetening Agents
/ metabolism
Taste
Taste Perception
Young Adult
FTO
BMI
genome-wide association scan
perception
preference
sugar intake
sweet taste
taste receptor
Journal
The American journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1938-3207
Titre abrégé: Am J Clin Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0376027
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 06 2019
01 06 2019
Historique:
received:
31
10
2018
accepted:
01
03
2019
pubmed:
22
4
2019
medline:
6
2
2020
entrez:
22
4
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Individual differences in human perception of sweetness are partly due to genetics; however, which genes are associated with the perception and the consumption of sweet substances remains unclear. The aim of this study was to verify previous reported associations within genes involved in the peripheral receptor systems (i.e., TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3) and reveal novel loci. We performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) of the perceived intensity of 2 sugars (glucose and fructose) and 2 high-potency sweeteners (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and aspartame) in an Australian adolescent twin sample (n = 1757), and the perceived intensity and sweetness and the liking of sucrose in a US adult twin sample (n = 686). We further performed GWASs of the intake of total sugars (i.e., total grams of all dietary mono- and disaccharides per day) and sweets (i.e., handfuls of candies per day) in the UK Biobank sample (n = ≤174,424 white-British individuals). All participants from the 3 independent samples were of European ancestry. We found a strong association between the intake of total sugars and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11642841 within the FTO gene on chromosome 16 (P = 3.8 × 10-8) and many suggestive associations (P < 1.0 × 10-5) for each of the sweet perception and intake phenotypes. We showed genetic evidence for the involvement of the brain in both sweet taste perception and sugar intake. There was limited support for the associations with TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 in all 3 European samples. Our findings indicate that genes additional to those involved in the peripheral receptor system are also associated with the sweet taste perception and intake of sweet-tasting foods. The functional potency of the genetic variants within TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 may be different between ethnic groups and this warrants further investigations.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Individual differences in human perception of sweetness are partly due to genetics; however, which genes are associated with the perception and the consumption of sweet substances remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to verify previous reported associations within genes involved in the peripheral receptor systems (i.e., TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3) and reveal novel loci.
METHODS
We performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) of the perceived intensity of 2 sugars (glucose and fructose) and 2 high-potency sweeteners (neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and aspartame) in an Australian adolescent twin sample (n = 1757), and the perceived intensity and sweetness and the liking of sucrose in a US adult twin sample (n = 686). We further performed GWASs of the intake of total sugars (i.e., total grams of all dietary mono- and disaccharides per day) and sweets (i.e., handfuls of candies per day) in the UK Biobank sample (n = ≤174,424 white-British individuals). All participants from the 3 independent samples were of European ancestry.
RESULTS
We found a strong association between the intake of total sugars and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11642841 within the FTO gene on chromosome 16 (P = 3.8 × 10-8) and many suggestive associations (P < 1.0 × 10-5) for each of the sweet perception and intake phenotypes. We showed genetic evidence for the involvement of the brain in both sweet taste perception and sugar intake. There was limited support for the associations with TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 in all 3 European samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that genes additional to those involved in the peripheral receptor system are also associated with the sweet taste perception and intake of sweet-tasting foods. The functional potency of the genetic variants within TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and GNAT3 may be different between ethnic groups and this warrants further investigations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31005972
pii: S0002-9165(22)03224-5
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz043
pmc: PMC6537940
doi:
Substances chimiques
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
0
Sweetening Agents
0
taste receptors, type 1
0
Sucrose
57-50-1
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO
EC 1.14.11.33
FTO protein, human
EC 1.14.11.33
Glucose
IY9XDZ35W2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Twin Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1724-1737Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_PC_17228
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_QA137853
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MC_UU_00011/6
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.
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