A bidimensional measure of empathy: Empathic Experience Scale.
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
22
12
2018
accepted:
15
04
2019
entrez:
30
4
2019
pubmed:
30
4
2019
medline:
9
1
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Empathy is a key notion in the study of sociality. A phenomenological perspective on empathy as intersubjective understanding offers a common ground for multiple dimensions. Corresponding to the dichotomy between perceptual and cognitive levels, two constructs can be distinguished: vicariously experiencing and intuitively understanding others' emotions. We developed and validated a new questionnaire for the assessment of individual differences in empathy. In a first study (N = 921), we created a questionnaire measuring empathy consisting of a pool of 75 items. Exploratory factor analysis suggested to retain two factors ("Intuitive Understanding" and "Vicarious Experience"), whereas a 30-item version of the questionnaire had satisfactory psychometric properties. In a second study (N = 504), we administered the 30-items questionnaire and several concurrent/divergent measures. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor structure best represented its latent factor structure. The results show that our questionnaire could be considered a reliable and valid measure of empathy with internal consistencies of 0.93 and 0.95 for Vicarious Experience and Intuitive Intuitive Understanding, respectively. Whereas our questionnaire mostly showed the expected convergence with existing scales of empathy, the correlations also suggest that it adds valuable new information to the assessment of empathy. The two-factor structure suggests that the perceptual (vicarious) experience and the basic (non-effortful) cognitive awareness of others' emotions can be assessed as distinct constructs. This bidimensional structure that distinguishes between the perceptual experience and the basic cognitive awareness of others' emotional states connects theoretical, empirical, and clinical data from psychology and neuroscience.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31034510
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216164
pii: PONE-D-18-36663
pmc: PMC6488069
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0216164Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 21;7:14
pubmed: 18718010
Psychiatry Investig. 2017 Sep;14(5):532-538
pubmed: 29042876
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Apr 29;362(1480):659-69
pubmed: 17301027
Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Oct;10(10):435-41
pubmed: 16949331
Conscious Cogn. 2015 Nov;36:543-53
pubmed: 26070850
J Hist Behav Sci. 2005 Spring;41(2):151-63
pubmed: 15812816
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 28;9:389
pubmed: 30210371
Soc Neurosci. 2017 Aug;12(4):379-385
pubmed: 27108546
Psychother Psychosom. 2007;76(5):315-6
pubmed: 17700054
J Autism Dev Disord. 2004 Apr;34(2):163-75
pubmed: 15162935
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;18(1):51-6
pubmed: 20094018
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Dec;83:132-139
pubmed: 29032087
Annu Rev Psychol. 2017 Jan 3;68:243-267
pubmed: 27687121
Schizophr Res. 2007 May;92(1-3):85-9
pubmed: 17350225
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1969 Jun;33(3):307-16
pubmed: 4389335
J Consult Psychol. 1957 Apr;21(2):95-103
pubmed: 13416422
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2005 Mar;18(1):28-36
pubmed: 15761274
Scand J Psychol. 2002 Feb;43(1):49-59
pubmed: 11885760
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2001 Mar-Apr;67(2):66-8
pubmed: 17664710
Riv Psichiatr. 2013 Mar-Apr;48(2):155-61
pubmed: 23748726
Crisis. 2015;36(4):227-30
pubmed: 26440618
Behav Brain Sci. 2002 Feb;25(1):1-20; discussion 20-71
pubmed: 12625087
Psychol Med. 2004 Jul;34(5):911-9
pubmed: 15500311
Assessment. 2016 Dec;23(6):769-777
pubmed: 26253573
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1997 Aug;123(3):303-24
pubmed: 9259121
Addict Biol. 2014 May;19(3):452-66
pubmed: 23800218
Neuroscientist. 2011 Feb;17(1):18-24
pubmed: 21071616
J Adolesc. 2006 Aug;29(4):589-611
pubmed: 16198409
J Consult Psychol. 1960 Aug;24:349-54
pubmed: 13813058
J Pers Assess. 2011 Jan;93(1):84-95
pubmed: 21184334
Psychopathology. 2003 Jul-Aug;36(4):171-80
pubmed: 14504450
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2004 Jun;3(2):71-100
pubmed: 15537986
Scand J Psychol. 2006 Aug;47(4):263-72
pubmed: 16869859
Am J Occup Ther. 2001 Sep-Oct;55(5):566-72
pubmed: 14601818
Psychiatry. 1949 Nov;12(4):355-9
pubmed: 24536897
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014 Jan 28;10:153-65
pubmed: 24511231
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014 Jun 03;10:987-95
pubmed: 24940062
Psychol Rep. 1988 Aug;63(1):179-92
pubmed: 3212120
Brain. 2014 Apr;137(Pt 4):981-97
pubmed: 24293265
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017;30:193-206
pubmed: 26602249
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Mar;1156:81-96
pubmed: 19338504
Front Psychol. 2016 Jul 18;7:1068
pubmed: 27486417
Neuroimage. 2011 Feb 1;54(3):2492-502
pubmed: 20946964
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;57(6):695-713
pubmed: 15151515
Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 14;4:e343
pubmed: 24424389
Psychol Bull. 1987 Jan;101(1):91-119
pubmed: 3562705
J Pers Assess. 2009 Jan;91(1):62-71
pubmed: 19085285
J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 Apr;37(4):709-15
pubmed: 16906462
Nat Neurosci. 2012 Apr 15;15(5):675-80
pubmed: 22504346
Mol Autism. 2014 Aug 01;5:42
pubmed: 25101164
Soc Work. 2011 Apr;56(2):141-8
pubmed: 21553577
J Pers. 1972 Dec;40(4):525-43
pubmed: 4642390
Psychol Res. 2020 Mar;84(2):370-379
pubmed: 30073408
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2012;65(5):825-39
pubmed: 22533318
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;42(1):3-48
pubmed: 11205623
Autism. 2017 May;21(4):450-457
pubmed: 27246093
J Psychiatr Res. 2009 Jan;43(4):455-63
pubmed: 18614180