Endovascular stenting for chronic femoro-iliac venous obstructive disease: Clinical efficacy and short-term outcomes.

To report the clinical efficacy and mid-term outcomes of endovascular treatment in patients with chronic, symptomatic, post-thrombotic femoro-iliac venous obstruction. Forty-two patients with post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) presenting with femoro-iliac venous obstructive lesions treated in our institution by endovascular approach between March 2012 and October 2017 were retrospectively included. There were 27 women and 15 men with a mean age of 47.3±17 (SD) years (range: 22-86 years). Procedure included first venous recanalization, then pre-dilatation and self-expandable metallic stenting of the narrowed or occluded iliac and/or femoral veins. Severity of PTS and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the intervention respectively, using Villalta score and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) scale. Imaging follow-up evaluation of stent patency was based on the results of duplex Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography. Immediate technical success was achieved in 41/42 (97.6%) patients, without any major complications. Primary patency, primary assisted patency and secondary patency at the end of the median imaging follow-up of 18.1 months (IQR, 9.7-34.4) were achieved in 29/42 (66.7%) patients, 33/42 (78.6%) patients and 37/42 (88.1%) patients, respectively. Median Villalta and CIVIQ-20 scores decreased from 14 (IQR, 10-19) and 57 (IQR, 39-72) at baseline, respectively, to 5 (IQR, 2-9) and 30 (IQR, 24-50) 3 months after the procedure, respectively (P<0.0001), showing significant decrease in the severity of PTS and improvement in the quality of life. The multiple linear regression model showed that both baseline Villalta and CIVIQ-20 scores ([95% CI: -7.80-3.79; P<0.0001] and [95% CI: 0.07-0.20; P<0.0001], respectively), age (95% CI: 0.04-0.19; P=0.002) and stenting expanse (95% CI: 0.97-5.65; P=0.006) were independent variables related to Villalta gain. Baseline Villalta (95% CI: 0.89-2.23; P<0.0001) was the single independent variable related to CIVIQ-20 gain. This study confirms the high clinical efficacy and favorable mid-term outcomes of endovascular stenting in patients with chronic symptomatic femoro-iliac venous obstructive lesions.

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