Hybrid Forward Osmosis⁻Nanofiltration for Wastewater Reuse: System Design.

The design of a hybrid forward osmosis-nanofiltration (FO-NF) system for the extraction of high-quality water from wastewater is presented here. Simulations were performed based on experimental results obtained in a previous study using real wastewater as the feed solution. A sensitivity analysis, conducted to evaluate the influence of different process parameters, showed that an optimum configuration can be designed with (i) an influent draw solution osmotic pressure equal to 15 bar and (ii) a ratio of influent draw solution to feed solution flow rate equal to 1.5:1. With this configuration, the simulations suggested that the overall FO-NF system can achieve up to 85% water recovery using Na

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Authors Marco Tagliabue and Luciano Zaninetta have affiliation in the private entities that funded this research. This conflict did not inappropriately influence the design of the study; the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish the results.