Associations between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and viral, bacterial, and protozoal enteroinfections: a cross-sectional study in rural Laos.
Adult
Bacterial Infections
/ complications
Child
Child, Preschool
Coinfection
/ epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Feces
/ microbiology
Female
Helminthiasis
/ complications
Humans
Intestinal Diseases
/ etiology
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
/ complications
Laos
/ epidemiology
Male
Prevalence
Soil
/ parasitology
Virus Diseases
/ complications
Co-infection Water
Enteric disease
Microparasite
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH)
hygiene (WASH)
qPCR
sanitation
Journal
Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
Titre abrégé: Parasit Vectors
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101462774
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 May 2019
07 May 2019
Historique:
received:
27
11
2018
accepted:
29
04
2019
entrez:
9
5
2019
pubmed:
9
5
2019
medline:
22
5
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Humans are susceptible to over 1400 pathogens. Co-infection by multiple pathogens is common, and can result in a range of neutral, facilitative, or antagonistic interactions within the host. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are powerful immunomodulators, but evidence of the effect of STH infection on the direction and magnitude of concurrent enteric microparasite infections is mixed. We collected fecal samples from 891 randomly selected children and adults in rural Laos. Samples were analyzed for 5 STH species, 6 viruses, 9 bacteria, and 5 protozoa using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. We utilized logistic regression, controlling for demographics and household water, sanitation, and hygiene access, to examine the effect of STH infection on concurrent viral, bacterial, and protozoal infection. We found that STH infection was associated with lower odds of concurrent viral infection [odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.83], but higher odds of concurrent bacterial infections (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.06-3.07) and concurrent protozoal infections (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.95-2.37). Trends were consistent across STH species. The impact of STH on odds of concurrent microparasite co-infection may differ by microparasite taxa, whereby STH infection was negatively associated with viral infections but positively associated with bacterial and protozoal infections. Results suggest that efforts to reduce STH through preventive chemotherapy could have a spillover effect on microparasite infections, though the extent of this impact requires additional study. The associations between STH and concurrent microparasite infection may reflect a reverse effect due to the cross-sectional study design. Additional research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of STH on concurrent enteric microparasite infection.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Humans are susceptible to over 1400 pathogens. Co-infection by multiple pathogens is common, and can result in a range of neutral, facilitative, or antagonistic interactions within the host. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are powerful immunomodulators, but evidence of the effect of STH infection on the direction and magnitude of concurrent enteric microparasite infections is mixed.
METHODS
METHODS
We collected fecal samples from 891 randomly selected children and adults in rural Laos. Samples were analyzed for 5 STH species, 6 viruses, 9 bacteria, and 5 protozoa using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. We utilized logistic regression, controlling for demographics and household water, sanitation, and hygiene access, to examine the effect of STH infection on concurrent viral, bacterial, and protozoal infection.
RESULTS
RESULTS
We found that STH infection was associated with lower odds of concurrent viral infection [odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.83], but higher odds of concurrent bacterial infections (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.06-3.07) and concurrent protozoal infections (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.95-2.37). Trends were consistent across STH species.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The impact of STH on odds of concurrent microparasite co-infection may differ by microparasite taxa, whereby STH infection was negatively associated with viral infections but positively associated with bacterial and protozoal infections. Results suggest that efforts to reduce STH through preventive chemotherapy could have a spillover effect on microparasite infections, though the extent of this impact requires additional study. The associations between STH and concurrent microparasite infection may reflect a reverse effect due to the cross-sectional study design. Additional research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects of STH on concurrent enteric microparasite infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31064387
doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3471-2
pii: 10.1186/s13071-019-3471-2
pmc: PMC6505259
doi:
Substances chimiques
Soil
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
216Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : K01 AI103544
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : T32 ES012870
Pays : United States
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