Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of West Nile and Usutu virus infections in Croatia in the 'One health' context, 2018.

Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Chickens Child Croatia / epidemiology Female Flavivirus / isolation & purification Flavivirus Infections / epidemiology Horse Diseases / epidemiology Horses Humans Male Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology One Health Poultry Diseases / epidemiology Prevalence Seroepidemiologic Studies Turkeys West Nile Fever / epidemiology West Nile virus / isolation & purification Young Adult

Croatia Usutu virus West Nile virus climate molecular epidemiology prevalence

Journal

Transboundary and emerging diseases

ISSN: 1865-1682

Titre abrégé: Transbound Emerg Dis

Pays: Germany

ID NLM: 101319538

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Sep 2019

Historique:

received: 15 01 2019

revised: 19 04 2019

accepted: 03 05 2019

pubmed: 9 5 2019

medline: 18 12 2019

entrez: 9 5 2019

Statut: ppublish

Résumé

In 2018, Croatia reported the largest outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) infections as well as the re-occurrence of human Usutu virus (USUV) infections. For the first time, fatal WNV and USUV infections were detected in wild birds. We analysed epidemiological characteristics and molecular epidemiology of WNV and USUV infections detected during 2018 transmission season. From April to November, 178 patients with neuroinvasive disease and 68 patients with febrile disease were tested for WNV and USUV. Viral RNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples using a real-time RT-PCR. Positive samples were tested by nested RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in serum/CSF samples using ELISA with confirmation of cross-reactive samples by virus neutralization test (VNT). WNV neuroinvasive disease was confirmed in 54 and WNV fever in seven patients from 10 continental Croatian counties. Areas affected in 2018 were those in which cases occurred in previous seasons, while in three areas human cases were reported for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of six strains from patients residing in different geographic areas showed circulation of WNV lineage 2. In three patients, neuroinvasive USUV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR or VNT. Sequence analysis of one detected strain revealed USUV Europe 2 lineage. During the same period, a total of 2,574 horse and 1,069 poultry serum samples were tested for WNV antibodies using ELISA. Acute asymptomatic WNV infection (IgM antibodies) was documented in 20/0.7% horses. WNV IgG antibodies were found in 307/11.9% horses and in 125/12.7% poultry. WNV RNA was detected in two goshawks and USUV RNA was detected in one blackbird from north-western Croatia. In the Zagreb area, 3,670 female mosquitoes were collected. One Culex pipiens pool collected in July tested positive for USUV RNA. Our results highlight the importance of continuous multidisciplinary 'One health' surveillance of these emerging arboviruses.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13225 PMID: 31067011

pubmed: 31067011

doi: 10.1111/tbed.13225

doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

Pagination

1946-1957

Subventions

Organisme : Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost

ID : IP 2016-06-7456; CRONEUROARBO

Informations de copyright

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