The exercise timing hypothesis: can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?
Exercise
Menopause
Vascuar function
Journal
The Journal of physiology
ISSN: 1469-7793
Titre abrégé: J Physiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0266262
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2019
10 2019
Historique:
received:
14
02
2019
accepted:
03
05
2019
pubmed:
12
5
2019
medline:
10
9
2020
entrez:
12
5
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
As women enter menopause at mid-life, oestrogen production ceases and its many beneficial effects on cardiovascular health are lost whereby the age-related risk of cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Oestrogen acts via oestrogen receptors and can activate the oestrogen response element leading to upregulation of a number of proteins of importance for vascular health, including the vasodilator and anti-atherogenic enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenic factors. Hormone replacement therapy can to some extent counteract the loss of oestrogen although studies have shown that such treatment may only be effective if initiated soon after menopause, the so-called timing hypothesis. An attractive alternative to hormone therapy is regular physical activity, as it is known that exercise induces many of the same cardiovascular health protective effects as oestrogen. Nevertheless, results from studies on the effect of physical activity on vascular function and cardiovascular health are inconsistent, with some studies showing a lack of effect of a physical activity programme and others showing a beneficial effect. The reason for this divergence is unclear but here we explore whether there may be a timing aspect also for exercise training, the exercise timing hypothesis, in which initiation of exercise interventions soon after menopause may be more effective than initiation many years after. The possibility that oestrogen-related receptor-α and oxidative stress may play a role in such a timing effect is discussed.
Substances chimiques
Estradiol
4TI98Z838E
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
EC 1.14.13.39
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4915-4925Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2019 The Physiological Society.
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