Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study.
Accidents, Traffic
/ statistics & numerical data
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alcohol Drinking
/ blood
Blood Alcohol Content
British Columbia
/ epidemiology
Case-Control Studies
Driving Under the Influence
Dronabinol
/ blood
Female
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
/ blood
Logistic Models
Male
Marijuana Use
/ blood
Middle Aged
Odds Ratio
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Young Adult
Alcohol
cannabis
drugs
motor vehicle crash
per se limits
tetrahydrocannabinol
Journal
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
ISSN: 1360-0443
Titre abrégé: Addiction
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9304118
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2019
09 2019
Historique:
received:
31
10
2018
revised:
21
01
2019
accepted:
10
05
2019
pubmed:
21
5
2019
medline:
21
10
2020
entrez:
21
5
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We conducted a responsibility analysis to determine whether drivers injured in motor vehicle collisions who test positive for Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or other drugs are more likely to have contributed to the crash than those who test negative. Prospective case-control study. Trauma centres in British Columbia, Canada. Injured drivers who required blood tests for clinical purposes following a motor vehicle collision. Excess whole blood remaining after clinical use was obtained and broad-spectrum toxicology testing performed. The analysis quantified alcohol and THC and gave semiquantitative levels of other impairing drugs and medications. Police crash reports were analysed to determine which drivers contributed to the crash (responsible) and which were 'innocently involved' (non-responsible). We used unconditional logistic regression to determine the likelihood (odds ratio: OR) of crash responsibility in drivers with 0 < THC < 2 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml ≤ THC < 5 ng/ml and THC ≥ 5 ng/ml (all versus THC = 0 ng/ml). Risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex and presence of other impairing substances. We obtained toxicology results on 3005 injured drivers and police reports on 2318. Alcohol was detected in 14.4% of drivers, THC in 8.3%, other drugs in 8.9% and sedating medications in 19.8%. There was no increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with THC < 2 ng/ml or 2 ≤ THC < 5 ng/ml. In drivers with THC ≥ 5 ng/ml, the adjusted OR was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-6.36; P = 0.35]. There was significantly increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥ 0.08% (OR = 6.00;95% CI = 3.87-9.75; P < 0.01), other recreational drugs detected (OR = 1.82;95% CI = 1.21-2.80; P < 0.01) or sedating medications detected (OR = 1.45; 95%CI = 1.11-1.91; P < 0.01). In this sample of non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in British Columbia, Canada, there was no evidence of increased crash risk in drivers with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol < 5 ng/ml and a statistically non-significant increased risk of crash responsibility (odds ratio = 1.74) in drivers with Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ≥ 5 ng/ml.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31106494
doi: 10.1111/add.14663
pmc: PMC6771478
doi:
Substances chimiques
Blood Alcohol Content
0
Hypnotics and Sedatives
0
Dronabinol
7J8897W37S
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1616-1626Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-111002
Pays : Canada
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.
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