Recomputation of the Dense Layers for Performance Improvement of DCNN.

Gradient descent optimization of learning has become a paradigm for training deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN). However, utilizing other learning strategies in the training process of the DCNN has rarely been explored by the deep learning (DL) community. This serves as the motivation to introduce a non-iterative learning strategy to retrain neurons at the top dense or fully connected (FC) layers of DCNN, resulting in, higher performance. The proposed method exploits the Moore-Penrose Inverse to pull back the current residual error to each FC layer, generating well-generalized features. Further, the weights of each FC layers are recomputed according to the Moore-Penrose Inverse. We evaluate the proposed approach on six most widely accepted object recognition benchmark datasets: Scene-15, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SUN-397, Places365, and ImageNet. The experimental results show that the proposed method obtains improvements over 30 state-of-the-art methods. Interestingly, it also indicates that any DCNN with the proposed method can provide better performance than the same network with its original Backpropagation (BP)-based training.