Trends in Prescribed Central Nervous System Depressant Medications Among Adults Who Regularly Consume Alcohol: United States 1999 to 2014.
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Alcohol Drinking
/ epidemiology
Analgesics, Opioid
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Cross-Sectional Studies
Drug Prescriptions
/ statistics & numerical data
Female
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Socioeconomic Factors
United States
/ epidemiology
Young Adult
Alcohol
Benzodiazepine
Opioid
Sleep Medication
Trends
Journal
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
ISSN: 1530-0277
Titre abrégé: Alcohol Clin Exp Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7707242
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2019
07 2019
Historique:
received:
05
02
2019
accepted:
02
05
2019
pubmed:
29
5
2019
medline:
1
9
2020
entrez:
29
5
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Although the risks of using central nervous system depressant (CNS-D) medications with alcohol are well documented, little is known about trends in prescribed use of these medications among individuals who regularly consume alcohol (i.e., trends in "concurrent use"). We examined changes in the prevalence of prescribed CNS-D medications among individuals who drank alcohol on 52 or more occasions in the past year ("regular drinking"). CNS-D medications included sedative-hypnotics (subclassified as anxiolytics or sleep medications) and opioids. We used 8 cross-sectional cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000 to 2013-2014) from participants aged 20 and older (n = 37,709). We used log-binomial regression to examine (i) prevalence trends of prescribed CNS-D medication use, (ii) trend differences by drinking status, and (iii) correlates of CNS-D medication use. Among those who drink regularly, the relative annual increase in prevalence of sedative-hypnotic use was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.7 to 7.9): Anxiolytic and sleep medication use increased annually by 3.7% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.7) and 11.2% (95% CI: 6.5 to 16.0), respectively. Opioid use trends among those who drink regularly were not statistically significant but were nonlinear. Differences in CNS-D medication trends between those who drink regularly and those who drink infrequently/abstain were not statistically significant. Those who drink regularly were less likely than those who drink infrequently/abstain to use opioids (adjusted relative risk [ARR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.78) and anxiolytics (ARR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.81), but not sleep medications (ARR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.35). Those aged 40 and older were 2 to 5 times as likely as those aged 20 to 29 to use sedative-hypnotics. Among those who drink regularly, the prevalence of prescribed sedative-hypnotic use increased and prescribed opioid use remained common. These trends indicate that a substantial portion of the population is at risk of alcohol-related adverse drug reactions-particularly those aged 40 and older.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Although the risks of using central nervous system depressant (CNS-D) medications with alcohol are well documented, little is known about trends in prescribed use of these medications among individuals who regularly consume alcohol (i.e., trends in "concurrent use"). We examined changes in the prevalence of prescribed CNS-D medications among individuals who drank alcohol on 52 or more occasions in the past year ("regular drinking"). CNS-D medications included sedative-hypnotics (subclassified as anxiolytics or sleep medications) and opioids.
METHODS
We used 8 cross-sectional cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000 to 2013-2014) from participants aged 20 and older (n = 37,709). We used log-binomial regression to examine (i) prevalence trends of prescribed CNS-D medication use, (ii) trend differences by drinking status, and (iii) correlates of CNS-D medication use.
RESULTS
Among those who drink regularly, the relative annual increase in prevalence of sedative-hypnotic use was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.7 to 7.9): Anxiolytic and sleep medication use increased annually by 3.7% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.7) and 11.2% (95% CI: 6.5 to 16.0), respectively. Opioid use trends among those who drink regularly were not statistically significant but were nonlinear. Differences in CNS-D medication trends between those who drink regularly and those who drink infrequently/abstain were not statistically significant. Those who drink regularly were less likely than those who drink infrequently/abstain to use opioids (adjusted relative risk [ARR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.78) and anxiolytics (ARR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.81), but not sleep medications (ARR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.35). Those aged 40 and older were 2 to 5 times as likely as those aged 20 to 29 to use sedative-hypnotics.
CONCLUSIONS
Among those who drink regularly, the prevalence of prescribed sedative-hypnotic use increased and prescribed opioid use remained common. These trends indicate that a substantial portion of the population is at risk of alcohol-related adverse drug reactions-particularly those aged 40 and older.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31135997
doi: 10.1111/acer.14081
pmc: PMC6602821
mid: NIHMS1028451
doi:
Substances chimiques
Analgesics, Opioid
0
Anti-Anxiety Agents
0
Central Nervous System Depressants
0
Hypnotics and Sedatives
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1510-1518Subventions
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R21 DA044744
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAAA NIH HHS
ID : R21 AA025689
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R25 MH112473
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2019 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
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