Long-term neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A case of cardiovascular nightmares.

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffering from autonomic dysreflexia (AD) due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) can effectively be treated with intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA. We present a complex case to highlight the treatment's potential limitations to ameliorate AD and improve lower urinary tract (LUT) function in this population. A 46-year old man, who was relying on an indwelling urethral catheter for bladder emptying due to severely impaired hand function following a SCI (C5, AIS B) sustained 30 years ago, underwent intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections for treatment of refractory NDO and associated AD. Although LUT function slightly improved (i.e. cystometric capacity increased while detrusor pressure was reduced), severe bladder-related AD persisted post-treatment. This case raises awareness of serious considerations when treating NDO-related AD in individuals with longstanding neurogenic LUT dysfunction and compromised dexterity following SCI. Given the limited improvement in LUT function and persisting bladder-related AD following treatment, urinary diversion as advocated in the wider literature should be considered to protect an individual's urinary tract from further deterioration and thus eliminate bladder-related AD consequences long-term. Early treatment and management of NDO and AD is crucial to minimize complications associated with these two major health risks in this population.