Prehabilitation in Alcohol Dependence as a Treatment Model for Sustainable Outcomes. A Narrative Review of Literature on the Risks Associated With Detoxification, From Animal Models to Human Translational Research.

alcohol dependence animal models detoxification human research prehabilitation withdrawal

Journal

Frontiers in psychiatry
ISSN: 1664-0640
Titre abrégé: Front Psychiatry
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101545006

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2019
Historique:
received: 31 01 2019
accepted: 30 04 2019
entrez: 4 6 2019
pubmed: 4 6 2019
medline: 4 6 2019
Statut: epublish

Résumé

In this review paper, we discuss how the overarching concept of prehabilitation is applicable to alcohol dependence. Central to prehabilitation are the concepts of expected harm, risks, and proactive planning to eliminate the harm or cope with the risks. We review the evidence from animal models, psychological experimental studies, as well as pharmacological studies, on the potential risks and harms associated with medically assisted alcohol detoxification and the current treatment paradigm for alcohol dependence. Animal models provide an approximation mostly of the physical aspect of alcohol withdrawal and detoxification process and make predictions about the development of the phenomena in humans. Despite their limitations, these models provide good evidence that withdrawal from chronic ethanol use induces cognitive impairment, which is worsened by repeated bouts of withdrawal and that these impairments are dependent on the duration of alcohol withdrawal. Initial clinical observations with alcohol-dependent patients confirmed increased incidence of seizures. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that patients who have had repeated episodes of withdrawal also show changes in their affect, increased craving, as well as significant deterioration of cognitive abilities, when compared to patients with fewer withdrawals. Alcohol dependence is associated with tolerance and withdrawal, with neuroadaptations in γ-Aminobutyric Acid-A Receptor (GABA-A) and glutamatergic

Identifiants

pubmed: 31156483
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00339
pmc: PMC6531862
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Pagination

339

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Auteurs

Christos Kouimtsidis (C)

Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Theodora Duka (T)

Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Emily Palmer (E)

Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Anne Lingford-Hughes (A)

Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Classifications MeSH