An Intradermal Model for Yersinia pestis Inoculation.

The dermis and the subcutaneous space vary in many fundamental characteristics, which include composition of lymphatic vessels, density of blood vasculature, and cells of the immune response. Traditional approaches employ the subcutaneous space as the preferred layer of the skin to inoculate Yersinia pestis for bubonic plague studies. Because fleas transmit Y. pestis in nature, and because these insects target the dermal layer of the skin, an intradermal model of infection is more biologically relevant than a subcutaneous model. Among many features, the use of an intradermal model results in robust and reproducible colonization of lymph nodes, blood, and deeper tissues. Remarkably, intradermal inoculation in the murine ear pinna also allows for the study of cutaneous infection without severely disrupting the architecture and physiology of the skin.