Risk behaviours and alcohol in adolescence are negatively associated with testicular volume: results from the Amico-Andrologo survey.
Adolescent
Alcohol Drinking
/ adverse effects
Genital Diseases, Male
/ epidemiology
Humans
Male
Reproductive Health
/ statistics & numerical data
Risk-Taking
Sexual Behavior
Sexual Maturation
/ drug effects
Smoking
/ adverse effects
Substance-Related Disorders
/ physiopathology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Testis
/ growth & development
Young Adult
adolescence
alcohol
andrological health
health risk behaviours
prevention
testicular development
Journal
Andrology
ISSN: 2047-2927
Titre abrégé: Andrology
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101585129
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2019
11 2019
Historique:
received:
02
04
2019
revised:
06
05
2019
accepted:
06
05
2019
pubmed:
13
6
2019
medline:
4
8
2020
entrez:
13
6
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Risk factors established during adolescence affect health outcomes in adulthood, although little is known about how adolescent health risk behaviours (HRBs) affect testicular development and reproductive health. To assess prevalence of HRBs among last year high school students; to describe the most prevalent andrological disorders in this cohort; to explore HRBs associated with andrological disorders and investigate factors possibly associated with impaired testicular development in puberty. The Amico-Andrologo Survey is a permanent nationwide surveillance programme conducted by the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine and supported by the Ministry of Health. A nationally representative survey of final-year male high school students was conducted using a validated structured interview (n = 10124) and medical examination (n = 3816). Smoking (32.6%), drinking (80.6%) and use of illegal drugs (46.5%) are common in adolescence. 16.6% of subjects were overweight, 3.1% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. Among sexually active students (60.3%), unprotected sex was very common (48.3%). Only 11.6% had been treated for andrological disorders, despite an abnormal clinical examination in 34.6%. Bilateral testicular hypotrophy (14.0%), varicocoele (27.1%) and phimosis (7.1%) were the most prevalent disorders; 5.1% complained of premature ejaculation and 4.7% had an STI. Underweight and heavy alcohol or drug use were associated with testicular hypotrophy. HRBs emerged as significant predictors of testicular hypotrophy, explaining up to 9.6% of its variance. Limitations include risk of selection bias for voluntary physical examination and recall bias for the self-compiled questionnaire. There is an emerging global adverse trend of HRBs in male high school students. A significant proportion of adolescent males with unsuspected andrological disorders engage in behaviours that could impair testicular development. Greater attention to the prevention of andrological health in adolescence is needed.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Risk factors established during adolescence affect health outcomes in adulthood, although little is known about how adolescent health risk behaviours (HRBs) affect testicular development and reproductive health.
OBJECTIVES
To assess prevalence of HRBs among last year high school students; to describe the most prevalent andrological disorders in this cohort; to explore HRBs associated with andrological disorders and investigate factors possibly associated with impaired testicular development in puberty.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Amico-Andrologo Survey is a permanent nationwide surveillance programme conducted by the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine and supported by the Ministry of Health. A nationally representative survey of final-year male high school students was conducted using a validated structured interview (n = 10124) and medical examination (n = 3816).
RESULTS
Smoking (32.6%), drinking (80.6%) and use of illegal drugs (46.5%) are common in adolescence. 16.6% of subjects were overweight, 3.1% were underweight and 2.3% were obese. Among sexually active students (60.3%), unprotected sex was very common (48.3%). Only 11.6% had been treated for andrological disorders, despite an abnormal clinical examination in 34.6%. Bilateral testicular hypotrophy (14.0%), varicocoele (27.1%) and phimosis (7.1%) were the most prevalent disorders; 5.1% complained of premature ejaculation and 4.7% had an STI. Underweight and heavy alcohol or drug use were associated with testicular hypotrophy. HRBs emerged as significant predictors of testicular hypotrophy, explaining up to 9.6% of its variance. Limitations include risk of selection bias for voluntary physical examination and recall bias for the self-compiled questionnaire.
DISCUSSION
There is an emerging global adverse trend of HRBs in male high school students. A significant proportion of adolescent males with unsuspected andrological disorders engage in behaviours that could impair testicular development.
CONCLUSION
Greater attention to the prevention of andrological health in adolescence is needed.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
769-777Subventions
Organisme : Italian Ministry of Health as part of the 'Prevention in Andrology'
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2019 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.
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