Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal
PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
Titre abrégé: PLoS One
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101285081
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
09
12
2018
accepted:
04
06
2019
entrez:
14
6
2019
pubmed:
14
6
2019
medline:
15
2
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite that is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. This parasite accounts for mental disorders; however, the relationship between T. gondii infection and depressive disorder is unclear. Regarding this, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between major depression disorder (MDD) and Toxoplasma infection. For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest were systematically searched in seven electronic databases. Special attention was given to the studies examining T. gondii seropositivity level in depressed patients and controls. The search process resulted in the identification of a total of 30 publications meeting the inclusion criteria and published up to April 2018 for the systematic review. Furthermore, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria to be entered into meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis involved the review of cross-sectional studies including 1657 depressed patients and 19565 individuals as controls and case-control studies entailing 1311 depressed cases and 6015 controls without depression. 1582 depressed people participated in cross-sectional studies whose results were reported as odds ratio (OR). In addition, the total number of participants was 15068 in this type of studies. Statistical analysis indicated that the pooled OR of the risk of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in depressed individuals in case-control and cross-sectional studies was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.39). As the findings of the reviewed articles indicated, toxoplasmosis is not a risk factor for MDD. However, it is necessary to perform further research to clarify the detailed association between T. gondii and dysthymia or mild and moderate depression. Furthermore, it is recommended to better investigate the effect of antibody titers on the relationship between depression and T. gondii infection.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite that is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. This parasite accounts for mental disorders; however, the relationship between T. gondii infection and depressive disorder is unclear. Regarding this, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between major depression disorder (MDD) and Toxoplasma infection.
METHODS
For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest were systematically searched in seven electronic databases. Special attention was given to the studies examining T. gondii seropositivity level in depressed patients and controls.
RESULTS
The search process resulted in the identification of a total of 30 publications meeting the inclusion criteria and published up to April 2018 for the systematic review. Furthermore, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria to be entered into meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis involved the review of cross-sectional studies including 1657 depressed patients and 19565 individuals as controls and case-control studies entailing 1311 depressed cases and 6015 controls without depression. 1582 depressed people participated in cross-sectional studies whose results were reported as odds ratio (OR). In addition, the total number of participants was 15068 in this type of studies. Statistical analysis indicated that the pooled OR of the risk of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in depressed individuals in case-control and cross-sectional studies was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.39).
CONCLUSIONS
As the findings of the reviewed articles indicated, toxoplasmosis is not a risk factor for MDD. However, it is necessary to perform further research to clarify the detailed association between T. gondii and dysthymia or mild and moderate depression. Furthermore, it is recommended to better investigate the effect of antibody titers on the relationship between depression and T. gondii infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31194852
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218524
pii: PONE-D-18-35203
pmc: PMC6564815
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Protozoan
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0218524Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2014 Aug;61(4):285-92
pubmed: 25185399
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2014 Nov;26(11):629-637
pubmed: 24715687
Forensic Sci Int. 2010 Jun 15;199(1-3):15-7
pubmed: 20219300
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2010 Jun;57(2):95-104
pubmed: 20608471
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Nov 6;11(11):e0006040
pubmed: 29108011
J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2016 Dec;46(3):467-474
pubmed: 30230742
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 17;11(2):e0148435
pubmed: 26886853
Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Nov;14(11):e978-81
pubmed: 20843718
Eur Psychiatry. 2017 Feb;40:82-87
pubmed: 27992837
Stat Med. 2002 Jun 15;21(11):1539-58
pubmed: 12111919
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Apr 10;13(4):e0007306
pubmed: 30969961
BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 07;10:4
pubmed: 20055991
Parasitology. 2016 Dec;143(14):1974-1989
pubmed: 27719690
BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 6;17(1):190
pubmed: 28264662
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015 Sep;132(3):161-79
pubmed: 25877655
J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2015 Jul-Sep;3(3):148-153
pubmed: 30023193
J Affect Disord. 2017 Dec 1;223:20-25
pubmed: 28715724
PLoS One. 2019 Jun 13;14(6):e0218524
pubmed: 31194852
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2016 Sep 26;63:
pubmed: 27827340
Iran J Parasitol. 2017 Jan-Mar;12(1):117-122
pubmed: 28761468
BMC Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 19;6:178
pubmed: 17178002
Mil Med. 2015 Jun;180(6):621-5
pubmed: 26032378
Forensic Sci Int. 2009 May 30;187(1-3):103-8
pubmed: 19356869
Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):729-36
pubmed: 17085743
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Nov;35(11):1829-1835
pubmed: 27502929
J Food Prot. 2015 Feb;78(2):457-76
pubmed: 25710166
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999 Dec;64(4):803-12
pubmed: 10593204
NCHS Data Brief. 2008 Sep;(7):1-8
pubmed: 19389321
BMJ. 1997 Sep 13;315(7109):629-34
pubmed: 9310563
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28925
pubmed: 22194951
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2016 Apr 25;6(2):85-9
pubmed: 27429790
J Parasitol. 2012 Dec;98(6):1296-9
pubmed: 22512377
BMC Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 05;4:1
pubmed: 15018628
Med Hypotheses. 2009 Nov;73(5):799-801
pubmed: 19467790
Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 31;4:4530
pubmed: 24681753
J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2016 Dec;46(3):729-736
pubmed: 30230768
J Neurol Sci. 2015 Apr 15;351(1-2):3-8
pubmed: 25725931
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 May;204(5):433.e1-7
pubmed: 21345406
Parasitology. 2001 May;122(Pt 5):515-20
pubmed: 11393824
J Clin Med Res. 2016 Jul;8(7):519-23
pubmed: 27298660
Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):745-51
pubmed: 17322557
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2014 Mar;39:77-106
pubmed: 24412517
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007 Apr;28(2):110-4
pubmed: 17435678
Neuroepidemiology. 2014;43(1):1-8
pubmed: 24968857
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Apr 22;273(1589):1023-30
pubmed: 16627289
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009 Dec;197(12):905-8
pubmed: 20010026
Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):789-91
pubmed: 17404388
Schizophr Bull. 2007 May;33(3):782-8
pubmed: 17387159
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Feb 19;9(2):e0003525
pubmed: 25695802
Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 03;6:22551
pubmed: 26936108
Schizophr Res. 2003 Mar 1;60(1):65-9
pubmed: 12505139
Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Mar;61:176-183
pubmed: 27884623
J Exp Biol. 2013 Jan 1;216(Pt 1):113-9
pubmed: 23225873
BMJ Open. 2017 Feb 13;7(2):e013019
pubmed: 28193849
Behav Brain Res. 2016 Feb 1;298(Pt B):125-33
pubmed: 26554725
Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Aug 15;72(4):290-5
pubmed: 22325983
BMC Psychiatry. 2004 Oct 18;4:32
pubmed: 15491496
Lancet. 2004 Jun 12;363(9425):1965-76
pubmed: 15194258
Phys Ther. 2009 Sep;89(9):873-80
pubmed: 19723669
J Affect Disord. 2017 Feb;209:59-65
pubmed: 27889597
Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jan;43:192-7
pubmed: 25124709
Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Oct;143(14):3103-9
pubmed: 25687170