Evaluating Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: The Relative Impact of Patient Age, Activity Level, Symptoms, and Kellgren-Lawrence Grade on Treatment.

Clinical decision-making Glenohumeral osteoarthritis Hemiarthroplasty Kellgren-lawrence Patient factors Total shoulder arthroplasty

Journal

The archives of bone and joint surgery
ISSN: 2345-4644
Titre abrégé: Arch Bone Jt Surg
Pays: Iran
ID NLM: 101636743

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Mar 2019
Historique:
entrez: 19 6 2019
pubmed: 19 6 2019
medline: 19 6 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

It is not always clear how to treat glenohumeral osteoarthritis, particularly in young patients. The goals of this study were to 1) quantify how patient age, activity level, symptoms, and radiographic findings impact the decision-making of shoulder specialists and 2) evaluate the observer reliability of the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system for primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder. Twenty-six shoulder surgeons were each sent 54 simulated patient cases. Each patient had a different combination of age, symptoms, activity level, and radiographs. Responders graded the radiographs and chose a treatment (non-operative, arthroscopy, hemiarthroplasty, or total shoulder arthroplasty). Spearman correlations and chi square tests were used to assess the relationship between factors and treatments. Sub-analysis was performed on surgical cases. An intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess observer agreement. The significant correlations ( When evaluating glenohumeral osteoarthritis, patient symptoms and KL grade are the factors most strongly associated with treatment. In operative cases, the factors most strongly associated with the choice of operation were the patient's KL grade and age. Additionally, the KL classification demonstrated excellent observer reliability. However, there was only moderate agreement among shoulder specialists regarding treatment, indicating that this remains a controversial topic.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
It is not always clear how to treat glenohumeral osteoarthritis, particularly in young patients. The goals of this study were to 1) quantify how patient age, activity level, symptoms, and radiographic findings impact the decision-making of shoulder specialists and 2) evaluate the observer reliability of the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system for primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder.
METHODS METHODS
Twenty-six shoulder surgeons were each sent 54 simulated patient cases. Each patient had a different combination of age, symptoms, activity level, and radiographs. Responders graded the radiographs and chose a treatment (non-operative, arthroscopy, hemiarthroplasty, or total shoulder arthroplasty). Spearman correlations and chi square tests were used to assess the relationship between factors and treatments. Sub-analysis was performed on surgical cases. An intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess observer agreement.
RESULTS RESULTS
The significant correlations (
CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS
When evaluating glenohumeral osteoarthritis, patient symptoms and KL grade are the factors most strongly associated with treatment. In operative cases, the factors most strongly associated with the choice of operation were the patient's KL grade and age. Additionally, the KL classification demonstrated excellent observer reliability. However, there was only moderate agreement among shoulder specialists regarding treatment, indicating that this remains a controversial topic.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31211193
pmc: PMC6510923

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

151-160

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Auteurs

Adam Schumaier (A)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Joseph Abboud (J)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Brian Grawe (B)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

J Gabriel Horneff (JG)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Charles Getz (C)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Anthony Romeo (A)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Jay Keener (J)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Richard Friedman (R)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Ed Yian (E)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Stephanie Muh (S)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Gregory Nicholson (G)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Ruth Delaney (R)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Randall Otto (R)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

William William (W)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

J T Tokish (JT)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Gerald Williams (G)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Jack Kazanjian (J)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Joshua Dines (J)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Matthew Ramsey (M)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Andrew Green (A)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Scott Paxton (S)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Surena Namdari (S)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Brody Flanagin (B)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Samer Hasan (S)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Scott Kaar (S)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Anthony Miniaci (A)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Frances Cuomo (F)

Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Premier Care Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
Premier Orthopaedics, Havertown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren-Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Orthopaedic Associates of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Cincinnati Sports Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore, New York, New York, USA.
Research performed at University of Cincinnati, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Ohio, USA.

Classifications MeSH