Histologic, Histomorphometric, and Osteogenesis Comparative Study of a Novel Fabricated Nanocomposite Membrane Versus Cytoplast Membrane.

The present study compared the in vivo efficacy of a novel synthesized polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/bioactive glass (BG) nanocomposite membrane versus a cytoplast (Cy) membrane in terms of the average percentage of new bone formation and inflammation levels. In the present interventional animal study, 12 male New Zealand rabbits were tested. In the parietal bone of the rabbits, 24 defects were prepared (2 defects for each rabbit), which were divided into 3 equal groups (Cy, PCL, and control). Each rabbit's calvarial bone was prepared for the histologic and histomorphometric survey. The amount of regenerated bone (ie, length, area, percentage), necrosis rate, fibrosis (fibrosis plus and percentage), and inflammation in the standard defects of parietal bone in the rabbits were examined and compared after 10 weeks. A significant difference was found between the Cy and PCL groups regarding the mean area and thickness of the bone. We also found a significant difference in the bone length, area, and percentage formed between PCL and control groups. Also, the rate of fibrous tissue formation was significantly different statistically between the PCL and control groups. The results showed the influence of the PCL membrane in generating more bone and less fibrous tissue. In all 3 groups, negligible inflammation and no necrosis was observed. The results of the present study have shown that combining PCL, PEG, and BGs could be promising for bone regeneration in jaw defects, around dental implants, and in oral and maxillofacial defects.

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