The role of mobile health technologies in allergy care: An EAACI position paper.


Journal

Allergy
ISSN: 1398-9995
Titre abrégé: Allergy
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 7804028

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
02 2020
Historique:
received: 16 05 2019
accepted: 12 06 2019
pubmed: 24 6 2019
medline: 20 1 2021
entrez: 24 6 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Mobile health (mHealth) uses mobile communication devices such as smartphones and tablet computers to support and improve health-related services, data and information flow, patient self-management, surveillance, and disease management from the moment of first diagnosis to an optimized treatment. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology created a task force to assess the state of the art and future potential of mHealth in allergology. The task force endorsed the "Be He@lthy, Be Mobile" WHO initiative and debated the quality, usability, efficiency, advantages, limitations, and risks of mobile solutions for allergic diseases. The results are summarized in this position paper, analyzing also the regulatory background with regard to the "General Data Protection Regulation" and Medical Directives of the European Community. The task force assessed the design, user engagement, content, potential of inducing behavioral change, credibility/accountability, and privacy policies of mHealth products. The perspectives of healthcare professionals and allergic patients are discussed, underlining the need of thorough investigation for an effective design of mHealth technologies as auxiliary tools to improve quality of care. Within the context of precision medicine, these could facilitate the change in perspective from clinician- to patient-centered care. The current and future potential of mHealth is then examined for specific areas of allergology, including allergic rhinitis, aerobiology, allergen immunotherapy, asthma, dermatological diseases, food allergies, anaphylaxis, insect venom, and drug allergy. The impact of mobile technologies and associated big data sets are outlined. Facts and recommendations for future mHealth initiatives within EAACI are listed.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31230373
doi: 10.1111/all.13953
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

259-272

Informations de copyright

© 2019 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Références

The International Telecommunications Union: ICT Facts and Figures 2017 (Report). https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf. Accessed March 14, 2018.
World Health Organization (WHO). mHealth - New horizons for Whealth through mobile technologies. http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf. Accessed May 24, 2018.
Elliott T, Shih J, Dinakar C, Portnoy J, Fineman S. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology position paper on the use of telemedicine for allergists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119:512-517.
Bousquet J, Arnavielhe S, Bedbrook A, et al. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) score of allergic rhinitis using mobile technology correlates with quality of life: the MASK study. Allergy 2018;73:505-510.
Costa C, Menesatti P, Brighetti MA, et al. Pilot study on the short-term prediction of symptoms in children with hay fever monitored with e-Health technology. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;46:216-225.
Pizzulli A, Perna S, Florack J, et al. The impact of telemonitoring on adherence to nasal corticosteroid treatment in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014;44:1246-1254.
Stukus DR, Farooqui N, Strothman K, et al. Real world evaluation of a mobile health application in children with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120:395-400.e1.
Barrett MA, Humblet O, Marcus JE, et al. Effect of a mobile health, sensor-driven asthma management platform on asthma control. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119:415-421.
Honkoop PJ, Simpson A, Bonini M, et al. MyAirCoach: the use of home-monitoring and mHealth systems to predict deterioration in asthma control and the occurrence of asthma exacerbations: study protocol of an observational study. BMJ Open. 2017;24:7.
Grey KR, Hagen SL, Hylwa SA, Warshaw EM. Utility of store and forwards teledermatology for skin patch test readings. Dermatitis. 2017;28:152-161.
Ruiz-Baqués A, Contreras-Porta J, Marques-Mejías M, et al. Evaluation of an online educational program for parents and caregivers of children with food allergies. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2018;28:37-41.
Alvarez-Perea A, Cabrera-Freitag P, Fuentes-Aparicio V, Infante S, Zapatero L, Zubeldia JM. Social media as a tool for the management of food allergy in children. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2018;28:233-240.
Hernandez-Munoz LU, Woolley SI, Luyt D, et al. Evaluation of allergisense smartphone tools for adrenaline injection training. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2017;21:272-282.
WHO, ITU: Be he@lthy, be mobile - Annual Report 2016. http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/be-healthy-be-mobile/report-2016/en/. Accessed March 14, 2018.
Agarwal S, LeFevre AE, Lee J, et al. Guidelines for reporting of health interventions using mobile phones: mobile health (mHealth) evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist. BMJ. 2016;352:i1174.
General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union. http://eurlex.europa.eu/search.html?DTN=0679&DTA=2016&qxml:id=1522228159993&CASE_LAW_SUMMARY=false&DTS_DOM=ALL&excConsLeg=true&type=advanced&SUBDOM_INIT=ALL_ALL&DTS_SUBDOM=ALL_ALL. Accessed March 28, 2018.
https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/code-conduct-privacy-mhealth-apps-has-been-finalised. Accessed June 29, 2019.
Lewis TL, Wyatt JC. mHealth and mobile medical Apps: a framework to assess risk and promote safer use. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16:e210.
Handel MJ. MHealth (mobile health)-using apps for health and wellness. Explor J Sci Heal. 2011;7:256-261.
Khoja S, Durrani H, Scott RE, Sajwani A, Piryani U. Conceptual framework for development of comprehensive e-Health evaluation tool. Telemed e-Health. 2013;19:48-53.
Selecting a mobile app: evaluating the usability of medical applications | HIMSS. http://www.himss.org/selecting-mobile-app-evaluating-usability-medical-applications-0. Accessed 13 February, 2018.
Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Zelenko O, Tjondronegoro D, Mani M. Mobile App Rating Scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile apps. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2015;3:e27.
Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Wilson H. Development and validation of the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2016;4:e72.
Baumel A, Faber K, Mathur N, Kane JM, Muench F. Enlight: a comprehensive quality and therapeutic potential evaluation tool for mobile and web-based eHealth interventions. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19:e82.
Baumel A, Birnbaum ML, Sucala M. A systematic review and taxonomy of published quality criteria related to the evaluation of user-facing eHealth programs. J Med Syst. 2017;41:128.
Simpson AJ, Honkoop PJ, Kennington E, et al. Perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on mHealth for asthma self-management. Eur Respir J. 2017;49:1601966.
https://www.va.gov/health/docs/VHA_STRATEGIC_PLAN_FY2013-2018.pdf. Accessed 25 April, 2018.
Hui CY, Walton R, McKinstry B, Jackson T, Parker R, Pinnock H. The use of mobile applications to support self-management for people with asthma: a systematic review of controlled studies to identify features associated with clinical effectiveness and adherence. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017;24:619-632.
Van Velsen L, Wildevuur S, Flierman I, Van Schooten B, Tabak M, Hermens H. Trust in telemedicine portals for rehabilitation care: an exploratory focus group study with patients and healthcare professionals. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;16:11.
Pal K, Dack C, Ross J, et al. Digital health interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes: qualitative study of patient perspectives on diabetes self-management education and support. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20:e40.
Sezgin E, Yıldırım SÖ. A literature review on attitudes of health professionals towards health information systems: from e-Health to m-Health. Procedia Technol. 2014;16:1317-1326.
Gagnon MP, Ngangue P, Payne-Gagnon J, Desmartis M. m-Health adoption by healthcare professionals: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;23:212-220.
Whitehead L, Seaton P. The effectiveness of self-management mobile phone and tablet apps in long-term condition management: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(5):e97.
Kmenta M, Bastl K, Jager S, Berger U. Development of personal pollen information-the next generation of pollen information and a step forward for hay fever sufferers. Int J Biometeorol. 2014;58:1721-1726.
Kmenta M, Bastl K, Berger U, et al. The grass pollen season 2015: a proof of concept multi-approach study in three different European cities. World Allergy Organ J. 2017;10:31.
Bianchi A, Tsilochristou O, Gabrielli F, Tripodi S, Matricardi PM. The smartphone: a novel diagnostic tool in pollen allergy? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2016;26(3):204-207.
Florack J, Brighetti MA, Perna S, et al. Comparison of six disease severity scores for allergic rhinitis against pollen counts a prospective analysis at population and individual level. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(4):382-390.
Bousquet J, Hellings PW, Agache I, et al. ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016;6:47.
Bousquet J, Arnavielhe S, Bedbrook A, et al. Treatment of allergic rhinitis using mobile technology with real world data: the MASK observational pilot study. Allergy. 2018;73:1763-1774.
Anto JM, Bousquet J, Akdis M, et al. Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy (MeDALL): Introducing novel concepts in allergy phenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(2):388-399.
Siroux V, Ballardini N, Soler M, et al. The asthma-rhinitis multimorbidity is associated with IgE polysensitization in adolescents and adults. Allergy. 2018;73:1447-1458.
Kiotseridis H, Cilio CM, Bjermer L, Tunsäter A, Jacobsson H, Dahl A. Grass pollen allergy in children and adolescents-symptoms, health related quality of life and the value of pollen prognosis. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013;3:19.
Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. ARIA guidelines 2008 Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008;63(Suppl 86):8-160.
Beck I, Jochner S, Gilles S, et al. High environmental ozone levels lead to enhanced allergenicity of birch pollen. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e80147.
Bastl K, Berger U, Kmenta M. Evaluation of pollen application forecasts: the need for quality control in an e-health service. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(5):e152.
Pfaar O, Bonini S, Cardona V, et al. Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2017 and beyond. Allergy 2018;73(Suppl 104):5-23.
Pfaar O, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, et al. Recommendations for the standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy trials for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy 2014;69:854-867.
Matricardi PM, Kleine-Tebbe J, Hoffmann HJ, et al. EAACI molecular allergology user's guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(Suppl 23):1-250.
Muraro A, Roberts G (eds). Immunotherapy Guidelines Part 1: Systematic Reviews. Zurich: European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; 2017.
Dhami S, Nurmatov U, Arasi S, et al. Allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 2017;72:1597-1631.
Roberts G, Pfaar O, Akdis CA, et al. Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy 2018;73:765-798.
Tripodi S, Comberiati P, Di Rienzo Businco A. A web-based tool for improving adherence to sublingual immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2014;25:611-612.
Passalacqua G, Baiardini I, Senna G, Canonica GW. Adherence to pharmacological treatment and specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43:22-28.
Senna G, Ridolo E, Calderon M, Lombardi C, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Evidence of adherence to allergen-specific immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9:544-548.
Demoly P, Passalacqua G, Pfaar O, Sastre J, Wahn U. Patient engagement and patient support programs in allergy immunotherapy: a call to action for improving long-term adherence. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:34.
Sondermann N, Shah-Hosseini K, Henkel K, Schwalfenberg A, Mösges R. Erfolgsfaktoren der Adherence bei Hyposensibilisierung. Allergologie. 2011;34:441-446.
European Medicines Agency. Committee for medicinal products for human use (CHMP): guideline on the clinical development of products for specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases (CHMP/EWP/18504/2006). http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003605.pdf; 2008. 2008. Accessed June 29, 2019.
Bonini M. Electronic health (e-Health): emerging role in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2017;23:21-26.
Bonini M, Usmani OS. Novel methods for device and adherence monitoring in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2018;24:63-69.
Kagen S, Garland A. Asthma and allergy mobile apps in 2018. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2019;2(19):6.
Marcano Belisario JS, Greenfield G, Huckvale K, Gunn LH, Car J. Smartphone and tablet self management apps for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(11):CD010013.
Schneider T, Panzera AD, Couluris M, Lindenberger J, McDermott R, Bryant CA. Engaging teens with asthma in designing a patient-centered mobile app to aid disease self-management. Telemed e-Health. 2016;20:2.
Farooqui N, Phillips G, Barrett C, Stukus D. Acceptability of an interactive asthma management mobile health application for children and adolescents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(6):527-529.
Perry TT, Marshall A, Berlinski A, et al. Smartphone-based vs paper-based asthma action plans for adolescents. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;118:298-303.
Ryan D, Price D, Musgrave SD, et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of mobile phone supported self monitoring of asthma: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012;344:e1756.
Miller L, Schüz B, Walters J, Walters EH. Mobile technology interventions for asthma self-management: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2017;5:e57.
Weistenhöfer W, Baumeister T, Drexler H, Kütting B. An overview of skin scores used for quantifying hand eczema: a critical update according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162:239-250.
Gerbens L, Prinsen C, Chalmers JR, et al. Evaluation of the measurement properties of symptom measurement instruments for atopic eczema: a systematic review. Allergy 2017;72:146-163.
Stalder J-F, Barbarot S, Wollenberg A, et al. Patient-Oriented SCORAD (PO-SCORAD): a new self-assessment scale in atopic dermatitis validated in Europe. Allergy 2011;66:1114-1121.
Khoo AB, Ali FR. Written action plans for atopic dermatitis in the era of mobile technology. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33:561.
Lee JY, Kim M, Yang H-K, et al. Reliability and validity of the Atopic Dermatitis Symptom Score (ADSS). Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29:290-295.
Greis C, Meier Zürcher C, Djamei V, Moser A, Lautenschlager S, Navarini AA. Unmet digital health service needs in dermatology patients. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;19:1-1.
van Os-Medendorp H, Koffijberg H, Eland-de Kok PC, et al. E-health in caring for patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled cost-effectiveness study of internet-guided monitoring and online self-management training. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:1060-1068.
Cronin RM, Davis SE, Shenson JA, Chen Q, Rosenbloom ST, Jackson GP. Growth of secure messaging through a patient portal as a form of outpatient interaction across clinical specialties. Appl Clin Inform. 2015;29(6):288-304.
dos Santos RV, Titus RG, Lima HC. Objective evaluation of skin prick test reactions using digital photography. Skin Res Technol. 2007;13:148-153.
Cuervo-Pardo L, Barcena-Blanch MA, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Schroer B. Apps for food allergy: a critical assessment. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3(6):980-981.e1.
DiFilippo KN, Huang WH, Andrade JE, Chapman-Novakofski KM. The use of mobile apps to improve nutrition outcomes: a systematic literature review. J Telemed Telecare. 2015;21(5):243-253.
Çelik Ertuğrul D. FoodWiki: a mobile app examines side effects of food additives via semantic web. J Med Syst. 2016;40(2):41.
Grifantini K. Knowing what you eat: researchers are looking for ways to help people cope with food allergies. IEEE Pulse. 2016;7(5):31-34.
Coskun AF, Wong J, Khodadadi D, Nagi R, Tey A, Ozcan A. A personalized food allergen testing platform on a cellphone. Lab Chip. 2013;13:636-640.
Rösch N, Arens-Volland A, Harpes P, et al. Telemedicine assisted diet and diagnosis management in food hypersensitivity. Bull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb. 2009;2:163-170. German.
Brew BK, Lundholm C, Gong T, Larsson H, Almqvist C. The familial aggregation of atopic diseases and depression or anxiety in children. Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48:703-711.
Reddy K, Kearns M, Alvarez-Arango S, et al. YouTube and food allergy: an appraisal of the educational quality of information. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018;29:410-416.
Fernandez-Mendez F, Saez-Gallego NM, Barcala-Furelos R, et al. Learning and treatment of anaphylaxis by laypeople: a simulation study using pupilar technology. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9837508.
http://www.jext.co.uk. Accessed June 29, 2019.
http://www.epipen.co.uk/patients/expiry-alert-service/. Accessed June 29, 2019.
https://www.youtube.com/user/AnaphylaxisCampaign. Accessed June 29, 2019.
http://www.anaphylaxie.net. Accessed June 29, 2019.
Cardona V, Luengo O, Labrador-Horrillo M, et al. First clinical trial with a medical device for anaphylaxis management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;2:141. Supplement, page AB149.
Doña I, Caubet JC, Brockow K, et al. An EAACI task force report: recognising the potential of the primary care physician in the diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity. Clin Transl Allergy. 2018;8:16.
Stapel SO, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber BK, et al. Testing for IgG4 against foods is not recommended as a diagnostical tool: EAACI Task Force report. Allergy 2008;62:793-796.
Muraro A, Werfel T, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, et al. EAACI food allergy and anaphylaxis guidelines: diagnosis and management of food allergy. Allergy 2014;69:1008-1025.
Land MH, Wang J. Complementary and alternative medicine use among allergy practises: results of a nationwide survey of Allergists. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;6:95-98.
Sørensen K, Pelikan JM, Röthlin F, et al. Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health. 2015;25:1053-1058.

Auteurs

Paolo Maria Matricardi (PM)

Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Stephanie Dramburg (S)

Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Alberto Alvarez-Perea (A)

Allergy Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.

Darío Antolín-Amérigo (D)

Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.

Christian Apfelbacher (C)

Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic (M)

Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Uwe Berger (U)

Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Michael S Blaiss (MS)

Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Simon Blank (S)

Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Elisa Boni (E)

Allergy Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, Alessandria, Italy.

Matteo Bonini (M)

National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital & Imperial College London, London, UK.
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Jean Bousquet (J)

University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
Contre les MAladies Chronique spour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.

Knut Brockow (K)

Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Jeroen Buters (J)

Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Victoria Cardona (V)

Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona.
ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain.

Jean-Christoph Caubet (JC)

Department of the Child and Adolescent, Pediatric Allergy Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.

Özlem Cavkaytar (Ö)

Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Tania Elliott (T)

New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Ignacio Esteban-Gorgojo (I)

Department of Allergy, Hospital General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain.

Joao A Fonseca (JA)

CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
MEDIDA, Lda, Porto, Portugal.
MEDCIDS, Dpt. of Community Medicine, Information, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.

James Gardner (J)

Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle, UK.
Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.

Philippe Gevaert (P)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Ileana Ghiordanescu (I)

Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.

Peter Hellings (P)

Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber (K)

Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

A Fusun Kalpaklioglu (A)

Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey.

Farid Marmouz (F)

Pole sanitaire du Vexin, Pontoise, France.

Ángela Meijide Calderón (Á)

Allergy Service of University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.

Ralph Mösges (R)

Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
CRI - Clinical Research International Ltd., Cologne, Germany.

Alla Nakonechna (A)

Department of Allergy, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK.

Markus Ollert (M)

Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.

José Oteros (J)

Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Giovanni Pajno (G)

Allergy Unit- Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Catalina Panaitescu (C)

Family Medicine Solo Practice, RespiRO - Romanian Primary Care Respiratory Group, Bucharest, Romania.

Daniel Perez-Formigo (D)

Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejon, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain.

Oliver Pfaar (O)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Constantinos Pitsios (C)

Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Michael Rudenko (M)

London Allergy and Immunology Centre, London, UK.

Dermot Ryan (D)

Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK.

Silvia Sánchez-García (S)

Allergy Unit, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.
Spanish Research Network on Allergy (ARADyAL: Red Nacional de Alergia -Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas-) of the Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.

Jennifer Shih (J)

Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Salvatore Tripodi (S)

Allergy Unit, Policlinico Casilino Rome, Italy.

Lauri-Ann Van der Poel (LA)

Children's Allergy Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Harmieke van Os-Medendorp (H)

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Gilda Varricchi (G)

Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Jörn Wittmann (J)

Selbstregulierung Informationswirtschaft eV, Berlin, Germany.

Margitta Worm (M)

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Ioana Agache (I)

Transylvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH