Vagal mechanisms as neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of metabolic disease.

anti-inflammatory pathways diabetes electrical stimulation genetically guided gut-brain communication neuromodulation obesity vagotomy

Journal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 1749-6632
Titre abrégé: Ann N Y Acad Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7506858

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
10 2019
Historique:
received: 18 03 2019
revised: 23 05 2019
accepted: 05 06 2019
pubmed: 4 7 2019
medline: 6 5 2020
entrez: 4 7 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

With few effective treatments available, the global rise of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, seems unstoppable. Likely caused by an obesogenic environment interacting with genetic susceptibility, the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases is highly complex and involves crosstalk between many organs and systems, including the brain. The vagus nerve is in a key position to bidirectionally link several peripheral metabolic organs with the brain and is increasingly targeted for neuromodulation therapy to treat metabolic disease. Here, we review the basics of vagal functional anatomy and its implications for vagal neuromodulation therapies. We find that most existing vagal neuromodulation techniques either ignore or misinterpret the rich functional specificity of both vagal efferents and afferents as demonstrated by a large body of literature. This lack of specificity of manipulating vagal fibers is likely the reason for the relatively poor beneficial long-term effects of such therapies. For these therapies to become more effective, rigorous validation of all physiological endpoints and optimization of stimulation parameters as well as electrode placements will be necessary. However, given the large number of function-specific fibers in any vagal branch, genetically guided neuromodulation techniques are more likely to succeed.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31268181
doi: 10.1111/nyas.14182
pmc: PMC6810744
mid: NIHMS1034444
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

42-55

Subventions

Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : OT2 OD023864
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK047348
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© 2019 The Authors. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The New York Academy of Sciences.

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Auteurs

Hans-Rudolf Berthoud (HR)

Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Winfried L Neuhuber (WL)

Institut fur Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

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