Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated?
Built, natural, and social environments
China
Depression
Moderating effect
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Jul 2019
05 Jul 2019
Historique:
received:
03
10
2018
accepted:
17
06
2019
entrez:
7
7
2019
pubmed:
7
7
2019
medline:
24
9
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social environments concurrently. Based on a sample of 20,533 Chinese residents assessed in 2016, the present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and respondents' built, natural, and social environments. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and multilevel regression models were fitted accounting for potential covariates. Results indicated that living in neighborhoods with more green spaces and a higher population density were negatively associated with CES-D scores. Living in neighborhoods with more social capital was protective against depression. Furthermore, results showed that the social environment moderated the association between the built environment and depression. Social environments moderate the relationship between the built environment and depression. As environments seem to interact with each other, we advise against relying on a single environment when examining associations with depressive symptoms.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social environments concurrently.
METHODS
METHODS
Based on a sample of 20,533 Chinese residents assessed in 2016, the present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and respondents' built, natural, and social environments. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and multilevel regression models were fitted accounting for potential covariates.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Results indicated that living in neighborhoods with more green spaces and a higher population density were negatively associated with CES-D scores. Living in neighborhoods with more social capital was protective against depression. Furthermore, results showed that the social environment moderated the association between the built environment and depression.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Social environments moderate the relationship between the built environment and depression. As environments seem to interact with each other, we advise against relying on a single environment when examining associations with depressive symptoms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31277619
doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7171-9
pii: 10.1186/s12889-019-7171-9
pmc: PMC6611031
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
887Subventions
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 41320104001
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 41501151
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 41871140
Organisme : The Innovative R&D Team Introduction Program of Guangdong Province
ID : 2017ZT07X355
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