The influence of gender and body dissatisfaction on body-related attentional bias: An eye-tracking and virtual reality study.
attentional bias
body image
eye-tracking
gender
virtual reality
Journal
The International journal of eating disorders
ISSN: 1098-108X
Titre abrégé: Int J Eat Disord
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8111226
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2019
10 2019
Historique:
received:
29
11
2018
revised:
23
06
2019
accepted:
25
06
2019
pubmed:
14
7
2019
medline:
15
2
2020
entrez:
14
7
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the attentional bias (AB) phenomenon, eating disorder (ED) patients show a tendency to pay more attention to self-attributed unattractive body parts than to other body parts. However, little research has focused on gender differences in body-related attention, controlling for body dissatisfaction (BD). This study aimed to assess gender differences in AB toward specific weight- or nonweight-related body parts using a virtual reality (VR)-based embodiment technique and an eye-tracking AB assessment. Forty-five women (23 with high BD and 22 with low BD) and 40 men (20 with high BD and 20 with low BD) were subsequently embodied in three virtual avatars, the first based on the participant's actual measurements, the second being larger than the participant, and the third being the same as the first avatar. The number of fixations and complete fixation time on weight-related areas of interest (W-AOIs) and nonweight-related areas of interest (NW-AOIs) were recorded for the three assessment time/avatars. The results showed a statistically significant interaction between gender and time for total fixation time and number of fixations (p < .05). BD levels did not significantly affect the results. Overall, women paid more attention to the W-AOIs than men, who in turn paid more attention to the NW-AOIs. Furthermore, preliminary evidence was found for an AB toward muscular-related AOIs among men. This study provides new information about gender differences and BD in gaze pattern behaviors. Future psychological ED assessments and treatments could take advantage of the possibilities of VR while real-time AB is objectively measured.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1181-1190Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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