The Effect of Pentoxifylline on Passive Avoidance Learning and Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Caspase-3 in the Rat Hippocampus Following Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation.
Hippocampus
inflammation
learning and memory
lipopolysaccharide
pentoxifylline
Journal
Advanced biomedical research
ISSN: 2277-9175
Titre abrégé: Adv Biomed Res
Pays: India
ID NLM: 101586897
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
entrez:
31
7
2019
pubmed:
31
7
2019
medline:
31
7
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Peripheral inflammation is effective in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, LPS, and LPS + PTX, receiving doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg of PTX, respectively. The animals received daily injections of PTX (i.p.) 1 week before and 2 weeks after the LPS injection (5 mg/kg; i.p.). Learning and memory were evaluated by passive avoidance learning. Then, the expression of the associated genes was measured in the hippocampus. The results showed that the peripheral LPS injection had no significant effect on learning and memory. PTX only with a dose of 10 mg/kg shows an improvement ( Findings showed that systemic application of LPS after 2 weeks had no effect on learning and memory and the expression of inflammatory genes in the hippocampus, but PTX led to an increase in the expression of these genes, which could be due to its direct effects or possible exacerbation of LPS effects.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Peripheral inflammation is effective in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and
MATERIALS AND METHODS
METHODS
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, LPS, and LPS + PTX, receiving doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg of PTX, respectively. The animals received daily injections of PTX (i.p.) 1 week before and 2 weeks after the LPS injection (5 mg/kg; i.p.). Learning and memory were evaluated by passive avoidance learning. Then, the expression of the associated genes was measured in the hippocampus.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The results showed that the peripheral LPS injection had no significant effect on learning and memory. PTX only with a dose of 10 mg/kg shows an improvement (
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Findings showed that systemic application of LPS after 2 weeks had no effect on learning and memory and the expression of inflammatory genes in the hippocampus, but PTX led to an increase in the expression of these genes, which could be due to its direct effects or possible exacerbation of LPS effects.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31360680
doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_33_19
pii: ABR-8-39
pmc: PMC6621342
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
39Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
There are no conflicts of interest.
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