Novel prodrugs of decitabine with greater metabolic stability and less toxicity.
Animals
Area Under Curve
Azacitidine
/ chemistry
Blood Chemical Analysis
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
/ drug effects
Cell Survival
/ drug effects
DNA Methylation
/ drug effects
Decitabine
/ chemistry
Drug Stability
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
/ drug effects
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Mice
Neoplasms
/ drug therapy
Prodrugs
/ administration & dosage
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Cancer therapy
DNA methylation
DNMT inhibitor
Decitabine
Epigenetics
Journal
Clinical epigenetics
ISSN: 1868-7083
Titre abrégé: Clin Epigenetics
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101516977
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 08 2019
01 08 2019
Historique:
received:
20
04
2019
accepted:
22
07
2019
entrez:
3
8
2019
pubmed:
3
8
2019
medline:
17
6
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
DNA demethylation therapy is now used in practice for hematological tumors and is being developed for solid tumors. Nevertheless, it is difficult to achieve stable pharmacokinetics with the current DNA-demethylating agents, azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), because of their rapid deamination by cytidine deaminase in vivo and spontaneous hydrolytic cleavage. Here, we aimed to develop metabolically stable prodrugs of AZA and DAC as novel DNA-demethylating agents. Thirty-five 5'-O-trialkylsilylated AZAs/DACs were synthesized with potential resistance to deamination. Out of these, 11 compounds exhibited demethylating activity similar to that of DAC and guadecitabine, and a suitable aqueous solubility. Pharmacokinetic analysis in mice showed that OR-2003 displayed the highest serum concentration and the area under the curve in an intraperitoneal experiment, whereas OR-2100 exhibited high stability to cytidine deaminase. Treatment of cells with OR-2003 and OR-2100 depleted DNA methyltransferase 1 completely and induced both gene-specific and genome-wide demethylation. The treatment suppressed the growth of multiple types of cancer cells and induced re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. The anti-tumor effect and DNA demethylation effect of OR-2003 and OR-2100 were comparable to that of DAC with fewer adverse effects in vivo. We developed two novel prodrugs of DAC that exhibited greater stability, comparable DNA demethylation activity, and less toxicity. These compounds are expected to overcome the difficulty in achieving stable pharmacokinetics in patients, leading to maximum DNA demethylation activity with minimum adverse effects.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
DNA demethylation therapy is now used in practice for hematological tumors and is being developed for solid tumors. Nevertheless, it is difficult to achieve stable pharmacokinetics with the current DNA-demethylating agents, azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), because of their rapid deamination by cytidine deaminase in vivo and spontaneous hydrolytic cleavage. Here, we aimed to develop metabolically stable prodrugs of AZA and DAC as novel DNA-demethylating agents.
RESULTS
Thirty-five 5'-O-trialkylsilylated AZAs/DACs were synthesized with potential resistance to deamination. Out of these, 11 compounds exhibited demethylating activity similar to that of DAC and guadecitabine, and a suitable aqueous solubility. Pharmacokinetic analysis in mice showed that OR-2003 displayed the highest serum concentration and the area under the curve in an intraperitoneal experiment, whereas OR-2100 exhibited high stability to cytidine deaminase. Treatment of cells with OR-2003 and OR-2100 depleted DNA methyltransferase 1 completely and induced both gene-specific and genome-wide demethylation. The treatment suppressed the growth of multiple types of cancer cells and induced re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. The anti-tumor effect and DNA demethylation effect of OR-2003 and OR-2100 were comparable to that of DAC with fewer adverse effects in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
We developed two novel prodrugs of DAC that exhibited greater stability, comparable DNA demethylation activity, and less toxicity. These compounds are expected to overcome the difficulty in achieving stable pharmacokinetics in patients, leading to maximum DNA demethylation activity with minimum adverse effects.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31370878
doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0709-y
pii: 10.1186/s13148-019-0709-y
pmc: PMC6670186
doi:
Substances chimiques
Prodrugs
0
Decitabine
776B62CQ27
Azacitidine
M801H13NRU
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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