A reappraisal and revision of the numbering of the pharyngeal arches.
amniotes
human embryology
pharyngeal arches
pharyngeal pouches
tetrapod evolution
Journal
Journal of anatomy
ISSN: 1469-7580
Titre abrégé: J Anat
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0137162
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2019
12 2019
Historique:
accepted:
01
07
2019
pubmed:
14
8
2019
medline:
15
7
2020
entrez:
13
8
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The pharyngeal arches are a prominent and significant feature of vertebrate embryos. These are visible as a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the embryonic head. In humans, and other amniotes, there are five pharyngeal arches numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6; note the missing '5'. This is the standard scheme for the numbering of these structures, and it is a feature of modern anatomy textbooks. In this article, we discuss the rationale behind this odd numbering, and consider its origins. One reason given is that there is a transient 5th arch that is never fully realized, while another is that this numbering reflects considerations from comparative anatomy. We show here, however, that neither of these reasons has substance. There is no evidence from embryology for a '5th' arch, and the comparative argument does not hold as it does not apply across the vertebrates. We conclude that there is no justification for this strange numbering. We suggest that the pharyngeal arches should simply be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as this would be in keeping with the embryology and with the general numbering of the pharyngeal arches across the vertebrates.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31402457
doi: 10.1111/joa.13067
pmc: PMC6875933
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1019-1023Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Anatomical Society.
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