Distribution pattern of common drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide, and benzodiazepines in hair across the scalp.
distribution
drugs of abuse
hair analysis
perfusion rates
sweating rates
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2019
Oct 2019
Historique:
received:
11
07
2019
revised:
05
08
2019
accepted:
05
08
2019
pubmed:
14
8
2019
medline:
27
2
2020
entrez:
14
8
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
While hair analysis is important and accepted in forensic applications, fundamental knowledge gaps still exist, exacerbated by a lack of knowledge of the incorporation mechanisms of substances into hair. The influence of the hair sampling location on the head on ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and cocaine concentrations was investigated by measuring the complete scalp hair of 14 (2 EtG, 4 cocaine, 8 both EtG and cocaine) study participants in a grid pattern for EtG, drugs of abuse, and benzodiazepines. Head skin perfusion and sweating rates were investigated to rationalize the concentration differences. For EtG, ratios between maximum and minimum concentrations on the scalp ranged from 2.5 to 7.1 (mean 4.4). For cocaine, the ratios ranged from 2.8 to 105 (mean 17.6). EtG concentrations were often highest at the vertex, but the distribution was strongly participant dependent. Cocaine and its metabolites showed the lowest concentrations at the vertex and the highest on the periphery, especially at the forehead. These differences led to hair from some head parts being clearly above conventional cut-offs and others clearly below. In addition to EtG and cocaine, the distributions of 24 other drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines/z-substances and metabolites are described. No clear pattern was observed for the head skin perfusion. Sweating rate measurements revealed higher sweating rates on the periphery of the haircut. Therefore, sweat could be a main incorporation route for cocaine. Concentration differences can lead to different interpretations depending on the sampling site. Therefore, the results are highly relevant for routine forensic hair analysis.
Substances chimiques
Glucuronates
0
Illicit Drugs
0
Benzodiazepines
12794-10-4
ethyl glucuronide
17685-04-0
Cocaine
I5Y540LHVR
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1522-1541Informations de copyright
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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