Neurobiology of resilience in depression: immune and vascular insights from human and animal studies.
blood-brain barrier
cytokines
depression
immune
sex differences
stress
vascular
Journal
The European journal of neuroscience
ISSN: 1460-9568
Titre abrégé: Eur J Neurosci
Pays: France
ID NLM: 8918110
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
received:
06
06
2019
revised:
22
07
2019
accepted:
12
08
2019
pubmed:
20
8
2019
medline:
29
6
2021
entrez:
18
8
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, social isolation and anhedonia. It will affect 20% of individuals with considerable economic impacts. Unfortunately, 30-50% of depressed individuals are resistant to current antidepressant treatments. MDD is twice as prevalent in women and associated symptoms are different. Depression's main environmental risk factor is chronic stress, and women report higher levels of stress in daily life. However, not every stressed individual becomes depressed, highlighting the need to identify biological determinants of stress vulnerability but also resilience. Based on a reverse translational approach, rodent models of depression were developed to study the mechanisms underlying susceptibility vs resilience. Indeed, a subpopulation of animals can display coping mechanisms and a set of biological alterations leading to stress resilience. The aetiology of MDD is multifactorial and involves several physiological systems. Exacerbation of endocrine and immune responses from both innate and adaptive systems are observed in depressed individuals and mice exhibiting depression-like behaviours. Increasing attention has been given to neurovascular health since higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is found in MDD patients and inflammatory conditions are associated with depression, treatment resistance and relapse. Here, we provide an overview of endocrine, immune and vascular changes associated with stress vulnerability vs. resilience in rodents and when available, in humans. Lack of treatment efficacy suggests that neuron-centric treatments do not address important causal biological factors and better understanding of stress-induced adaptations, including sex differences, could contribute to develop novel therapeutic strategies including personalized medicine approaches.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31421056
doi: 10.1111/ejn.14547
pmc: PMC7891571
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antidepressive Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
183-221Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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