Importance of Virulence Factors for the Persistence of Oral Bacteria in the Inflamed Gingival Crevice and in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease.
host response
infection
inflammation
metabolites
oral microbiota
periodontal disease
virulence factors
Journal
Journal of clinical medicine
ISSN: 2077-0383
Titre abrégé: J Clin Med
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101606588
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Aug 2019
29 Aug 2019
Historique:
received:
16
08
2019
accepted:
22
08
2019
entrez:
1
9
2019
pubmed:
1
9
2019
medline:
1
9
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that develops due to a destructive tissue response to prolonged inflammation and a disturbed homeostasis (dysbiosis) in the interplay between the microorganisms of the dental biofilm and the host. The infectious nature of the microbes associated with periodontitis is unclear, as is the role of specific bacterial species and virulence factors that interfere with the host defense and tissue repair. This review highlights the impact of classical virulence factors, such as exotoxins, endotoxins, fimbriae and capsule, but also aims to emphasize the often-neglected cascade of metabolic products (e.g., those generated by anaerobic and proteolytic metabolism) that are produced by the bacterial phenotypes that survive and thrive in deep, inflamed periodontal pockets. This metabolic activity of the microbes aggravates the inflammatory response from a low-grade physiologic (homeostatic) inflammation (i.e., gingivitis) into more destructive or tissue remodeling processes in periodontitis. That bacteria associated with periodontitis are linked with a number of systemic diseases of importance in clinical medicine is highlighted and exemplified with rheumatoid arthritis, The unclear significance of a number of potential "virulence factors" that contribute to the pathogenicity of specific bacterial species in the complex biofilm-host interaction clinically is discussed in this review.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31470579
pii: jcm8091339
doi: 10.3390/jcm8091339
pmc: PMC6780532
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
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