α-Amylase expressed in human small intestinal epithelial cells is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation.
Caco-2 Cells
Cell Differentiation
/ genetics
Cell Proliferation
/ genetics
Epithelial Cells
/ metabolism
Gene Expression
Humans
Intestine, Small
/ metabolism
Pancreas
/ metabolism
Pancreatic alpha-Amylases
/ genetics
RNA Interference
RNA, Messenger
/ genetics
Salivary Glands
/ metabolism
Salivary alpha-Amylases
/ genetics
Transfection
caco-2 cells
differentiation
expression
proliferation
small intestine
α-amylase
Journal
Journal of cellular biochemistry
ISSN: 1097-4644
Titre abrégé: J Cell Biochem
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8205768
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2020
02 2020
Historique:
received:
15
05
2019
accepted:
20
08
2019
pubmed:
4
9
2019
medline:
30
1
2021
entrez:
4
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
α-Amylase, which plays an essential role in starch degradation, is expressed mainly in the pancreas and salivary glands. Human α-amylase is also detected in other tissues, but it is unclear whether the α-amylase is endogenously expressed in each tissue or mixed exogenously with one expressed by the pancreas or salivary glands. Furthermore, the biological significance of these α-amylases detected in tissues other than the pancreas and salivary glands has not been elucidated. We discovered that human α-amylase is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and analyzed the effects of suppressing α-amylase expression. α-Amylase was found to be expressed at the second-highest messenger RNA level in the duodenum in human normal tissues after the pancreas. α-Amylase was detected in the cell extract of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but not secreted into the culture medium. The amount of α-amylase expressed increased depending on the length of the culture of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that α-amylase is expressed in small intestine epithelial cells rather than the colon because the cells differentiate spontaneously upon reaching confluence in culture to exhibit the characteristics of small intestinal epithelial cells rather than colon cells. The α-amylase expressed in Caco-2 cells had enzymatic activity and was identified as AMY2B, one of the two isoforms of pancreatic α-amylase. The suppression of α-amylase expression by small interfering RNA inhibited cell differentiation and proliferation. These results demonstrate for the first time that α-amylase is expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells and affects cell proliferation and differentiation. This α-amylase may induce the proliferation and differentiation of small intestine epithelial cells, supporting a rapid turnover of cells to maintain a healthy intestinal lumen.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31478242
doi: 10.1002/jcb.29357
pmc: PMC6973164
doi:
Substances chimiques
RNA, Messenger
0
AMY1A protein, human
EC 3.2.1.1
AMY2A protein, human
EC 3.2.1.1
AMY2B protein, human
EC 3.2.1.1
Pancreatic alpha-Amylases
EC 3.2.1.1
Salivary alpha-Amylases
EC 3.2.1.1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1238-1249Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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