Drivers of productivity and its temporal stability in a tropical tree diversity experiment.
Sardinilla experiment
biodiversity
drought
ecosystem functioning
neighbourhood
overyielding
structural diversity
tree species diversity
tropical plantation forest
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2019
Dec 2019
Historique:
received:
11
05
2019
revised:
29
07
2019
accepted:
04
08
2019
pubmed:
6
9
2019
medline:
30
11
2019
entrez:
6
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
There is increasing evidence that mixed-species forests can provide multiple ecosystem services at a higher level than their monospecific counterparts. However, most studies concerning tree diversity and ecosystem functioning relationships use data from forest inventories (under noncontrolled conditions) or from very young plantation experiments. Here, we investigated temporal dynamics of diversity-productivity relationships and diversity-stability relationships in the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment. Sardinilla was established in Panama in 2001, with 22 plots that form a gradient in native tree species richness of one-, two-, three- and five-species communities. Using annual data describing tree diameters and heights, we calculated basal area increment as the proxy of tree productivity. We combined tree neighbourhood- and community-level analyses and tested the effects of both species diversity and structural diversity on productivity and its temporal stability. General patterns were consistent across both scales indicating that tree-tree interactions in neighbourhoods drive observed diversity effects. From 2006 to 2016, mean overyielding (higher productivity in mixtures than in monocultures) was 25%-30% in two- and three-species mixtures and 50% in five-species stands. Tree neighbourhood diversity enhanced community productivity but the effect of species diversity was stronger and increased over time, whereas the effect of structural diversity declined. Temporal stability of community productivity increased with species diversity via two principle mechanisms: asynchronous responses of species to environmental variability and overyielding. Overyielding in mixtures was highest during a strong El Niño-related drought. Overall, positive diversity-productivity and diversity-stability relationships predominated, with the highest productivity and stability at the highest levels of diversity. These results provide new insights into mixing effects in diverse, tropical plantations and highlight the importance of analyses of temporal dynamics for our understanding of the complex relationships between diversity, productivity and stability. Under climate change, mixed-species forests may provide both high levels and high stability of production.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4257-4272Subventions
Organisme : German Academic Scholarship Foundation
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : 319936945/GRK2324
Organisme : Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Organisme : Canada Research Chair Programme
Organisme : Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada
Organisme : Georg-Ludwig-Hartig-Stiftung
Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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